USEto use something for a purpose1 to use something for a purpose2 to use particular methods, knowledge, skills etc3 to use a service that is available4 someone who uses something5 to use a situation in order to gain an advantage6 used for a particular purpose7 what something can be used for8 being used now9 something that can be used10 something that can be used in various ways11 to use something again12 to use something wrongly13 words, remarks, ideas etc that have been used too much14 no longer being used15 documents, tickets etc that can no longer be usedto use/consume16 to use an amount of something17 the amount of something that is used18 someone that regularly uses amounts of something19 amounts of something that have not been usedto use a person for your own advantage20 to use someone for your own advantage21 someone who is used by someone elseRELATED WORDSget used to something 习惯于某事USED TO/ACCUSTOMED TO1 to use something for a purpose 为某一目的使用某物use /juːz/ [transitive verb] Do you mind if I use your phone? 我用一下你的电话可以吗？ Are we allowed to use a dictionary in the test? 测验时我们能用辞典吗？ They rebuilt the church using local stone. 他们用当地的石料重建教堂。use something to do something Use a calculator to check your answers. 用计算器来检查答案。use something for doing something We use the shed for storing our firewood. 我们利用棚屋储存木柴。use something as something We decided to use the second bedroom as a junk room. 我们决定把另一个睡房用作杂物间。with /wɪð, wɪθ/ [preposition]if you do somethingwith a tool, piece of equipment etc you use a tool, piece of equipment etc to do it 用，以〔工具做某事〕 Beat the egg with a fork. 用叉子搅打鸡蛋。 Do you have anything I can open the bottle with? 你有没有开瓶子的东西？make use of /ˌmeɪk ˈjuːs ɒv/ [verb phrase]to use something you have available for a particular purpose 使用；利用 To build the shelter, they had to make use of whatever bits of wood or plastic they could find. 为了搭这个棚子，他们得利用捡到的任何小块木头或塑料。make use of to do something The Romans made use of volcanic ash to produce concrete. 罗马人利用火山灰制造混凝土。make use of as Who were the first to make use of pigeons as messengers? 是谁最早用鸽子送信的？2 to use particular methods, knowledge, skills etc 利用某方法、知识、技能等use /juːz/ [transitive verb] Researchers often use questionnaires in their work. 研究人员在工作中经常使用问卷。 I can't tell you what to do - you must use your own discretion. 我无法告诉你要做什么—你得自己决定。use something to do something The nurse must use her communication skills to make the patient feel at ease. 护士必须运用自己的沟通技巧让病人安心。 These new techniques are already being used to produce special effects in films. 这些新技术已经用于制作电影的特技效果。use /juːs/ [uncountable noun] There have been complaints about the use of excessive force by the police. 有人投诉警察滥用武力。make use of /ˌmeɪk ˈjuːs ɒv/ [verb phrase]to use a method, skill, or piece of information that is available to you 利用〔现有的方法、技能或信息〕 People asked her why she didn't make use of her musical talent and give singing lessons. 人们问她为什么不利用自己的音乐天赋去教人唱歌。 We might as well make good use of his expertise while he's here. 他在这里的时候，我们不妨好好利用他的专长。put something to use /ˌpʊt something tə ˈjuːs/ [verb phrase]to start to use something, especially knowledge or a skill that has not been used before 开始利用某物〔尤指以前没有用过的知识或技能〕 Your knowledge of computers can finally be put to use when the office buys a new system next month. 公司下个月会购置一套新的电脑系统，你的电脑知识终于可以派上用场了。 When governments acquire personal information about people they always try to put it to political use. 政府获得人民的个人资料后，总是设法将其用于政治目的。put something to good use I finally feel that I can put all my education to good use in this job. 我终于感到，做这个工作我是学有所用了。apply /əˈplaɪ/ [transitive verb]to use something such as a method, idea, or system in a particular situation, activity, or process 使用，应用〔方法、思想或制度等〕apply something to something New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process. 新技术几乎在每一个工业生产过程中都得到了应用。 You can't apply policies designed for a big country like the United States to a small country like Cuba. 为美国这样的大国制定的政策不能用于像古巴这样的小国。apply something to do something There are several tests you can apply to find out how old a tree is. 可以用几种方法测定树的年龄。exercise /ˈeksəʳsaɪz/ [transitive verb]to use your authority, influence etc effectively in order to achieve something 行使，运用〔权力、影响力等〕 Parents sometimes need to exercise their authority and say ‘no’ to their children. 父母有时候需要行使一下自己的权力，对孩子说“不”。 The Congress must decide whether to exercise its veto or not. 国会必须决定是否要行使否决权。 Many people are exercising their right to leave the state pension plan. 许多人都在行使自己的权利脱离国家养老金计划。utilizealsoutiliseBritish /ˈjuːtɪlaɪz, ˈjuːtəlaɪz/ [transitive verb]formalto use something that is available to you 【正式】使用，利用〔现有的东西〕 Employers must utilize their workers more effectively if the region is to become an economic success. 该地区若要成功发展经济，雇主必须更有效地使用工人。draw on /ˈdrɔː ɒn/ [transitive phrasal verb]to use information, knowledge, or experience that you have learned in the past, in order to do something more effectively 利用〔过去所得的信息、知识或经验〕 As a teacher, she drew on her knowledge of her own children. 身为教师，她借用了从自己孩子身上得来的知识。 Journalists draw on both published and unofficial information from many different sources. 新闻记者利用来自许多不同来源的已公布和非官方消息。 It was a challenge, but luckily we had the experience to draw on. 这是场挑战，幸运的是我们有经验可以借鉴。exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ [transitive verb]to use something as fully and effectively as possible in order to gain as much as possible from it 充分利用 Britain consistently fails to exploit the scientific discoveries made in its universities. 英国向来不会利用自己国家大学里的科学发现。 The country's natural resources have not yet been fully exploited. 该国的自然资源尚未完全开发。3 to use a service that is available 使用现有的服务use /juːz/ [transitive verb] How often do you use the library? 你多久去一次图书馆? Now that we have a car we very rarely use the buses. 我们现在有了车就很少坐公共汽车了。 The hotel used to offer a baby-sitting service, but no one ever used it. 这家旅店以前有照看小孩的服务，可从来没人使用过。use /juːs/ [uncountable noun] There has been a decline in the use of the subway system over recent years. 近年来乘坐地铁的人数下降了。make use of /ˌmeɪk ˈjuːs ɒv/ [verb phrase]to use something that is available, especially in order to enjoy it or to get something that you want from it 利用〔现有的东西，尤指为了享受或从中得到自己想要的东西〕 Not enough people are making use of the company's fitness centre. 使用公司健身中心的员工不够多。make good use of something Students are encouraged to make good use of all the computing facilities. 学生被鼓励要充分利用所有的电脑设备。4 someone who uses something 使用某物的人user /ˈjuːzəʳ/ [countable noun] Software should be designed to be as accessible as possible to users. 软件的设计应当尽可能方便用户使用。road/phone/library etc user Drunken drivers are a menace to themselves and other road users. 醉酒驾车的司机危害自己和其他道路使用者。 A new information service will soon be available to library users. 不久将为图书馆使用者提供一种新的信息服务。end userthe person who uses a product 终端用户 Computers are sold direct to end users as well as through dealers. 电脑除了通过经销商出售，还直接售予最终用户。5 to use a situation in order to gain an advantage 利用形势以获得优势use /juːz/ [transitive verb]use something to do something She used her position as manager to get jobs for her friends. 她利用自己的经理职位为朋友谋职。 The prisoners used the confusion caused by the fire to conceal their escape. 犯人利用火灾所造成的混乱来掩护自己越狱。use something for something Charles was able to use his family connection for his own personal advancement. 查尔斯利用家族关系获得个人发展。use something as something Right-wing activists used people's fear of unemployment as a way of stirring up extremism. 右翼积极分子利用人们害怕失业的心理挑起极端主义。exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ [transitive verb]to use a situation in order to gain as much advantage for yourself as possible, especially in a way that people disapprove of 利用〔尤指用人们不赞同的手段〕 Opposition leaders were quick to exploit government embarrassment over the incident. 反对党领袖迅速利用政府在此事件上遇到的尴尬局面。exploit something to do something The country could exploit its position as a major oil producer to push up world oil prices. 该国能够利用其主要产油国的地位抬高全球油价。make use of /ˌmeɪk ˈjuːs ɒv/ [verb phrase]to use a situation in order to gain an advantage for yourself, especially when that situation has already existed for some time 利用〔某一情形使对己有利，尤指这种情形已经存在一段时间〕 I made use of my old contacts to get a job when I come back from Australia. 我从澳大利亚回来后利用旧关系找了一份工作。 The Republicans were making use of their large majority in congress to block legislation on taxes. 共和党利用自己在国会中占绝大多数议席的优势来阻止税收的立法。take advantage of /ˌteɪk ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ ɒv ǁ-ˈvæn-/ [verb phrase]to use an opportunity in order to do what you want or need to do 利用〔机会使自己得益〕 Shoppers flocked to take advantage of a supermarket price war which cut the price of many goods. 购物者趁超市价格战有许多商品减价，蜂拥而至。take advantage of to do something Many small investors are taking advantage of these attractive share offers to make a quick profit. 许多小投资者利用这些诱人的股票发行机会来赚快钱。play on /ˈpleɪ ɒn/ [transitive phrasal verb]play on somebody's fears/greed/sympathy/prejudices etcto use someone's fears, sympathy etc in order to gain an advantage for yourself 利用某人的恐惧/贪婪/同情心/偏见等 A common sales tactic is to play on people's greed in order to make them buy more than they need. 一种很普遍的销售策略是利用人们的贪婪让他们买的比需要的多。 Disguised as an electrician, he played on people's trust to trick them out of money. 他假扮成电工，利用人们的信任骗取钱财。capitalize on /ˈkæpɪtl-aɪz ɒn/ [transitive phrasal verb not in passive]to use a situation in order to gain an advantage and make yourself more successful or more effective 利用〔某一情形使自己更为成功或引人注目〕 Teachers can capitalize on young children's natural curiosity. 教师可以利用幼儿好奇的天性。fail to capitalize on something The generals failed to capitalize on the weaknesses and divisions in the enemy camp. 将军们未能利用敌人阵营的弱点和分歧。capitalize on to do something Will the President capitalize on his immense popularity to exert strong leadership? 总统会不会利用自己极高的声望施行强权领导？6 used for a particular purpose 用于某一目的be used /biː ˈjuːzd/ [verb phrase]be used as Three extra rooms were used as classrooms when necessary. 额外三间房间必要时用作教室。 An old Chianti bottle can be used as an attractive base for a table-lamp. 意大利基安蒂酒的旧瓶子可以用来做一个漂亮的台灯基座。be used for The tanks are used for storing chemicals. 这些大罐子是用来储存化学品的。be used to do something Hypnosis is sometimes used to help people give up smoking. 催眠术有时用来帮助人们戒烟。be for /biː ˈfɔːʳ/ [verb phrase]to be intended to be used for a particular purpose 用于 ‘What are these buttons for?’ ‘They're for controlling the heating system.’ “这些按钮是干什么的？”“它们是用来控制暖气系统的。” The phones are for internal communication only. 这些电话只用于内部通讯。serve as /ˈsɜːʳv æz/ [verb phrase not usually in progressive]to be used for a particular purpose, especially a different purpose from its original one 用作〔尤指与本来的作用不同〕 The old hospital in London Road now serves as a hostel for the homeless. 伦敦路上的那家旧医院现已用作无家可归者收容所。 They had no bathroom, so a hole in the ground served as a toilet. 他们没有卫生间，所以地上的一个洞就用作厕所了。double as /ˈdʌbəl æz/ [transitive phrasal verb not usually in progressive]if somethingdoubles as something else, it is used for that purpose as well as for its original purpose 兼作 The village post-office doubles as a store. 村里的邮局同时也是商店。 Lingerie that doubles as clothing was very fashionable at the time. 当时，内衣外穿是非常时髦的。7 what something can be used for 某物的用途use /juːs/ [countable noun]a way in which something can be used 用途，用处 Robots have many different uses in modern industry. 机器人在现代工业中有许多不同的用途。 The land has been developed for tourism and other recreational uses. 这块土地被开发作旅游及其他娱乐之用。use of the use of animals in scientific experiments 科学实验中动物的使用application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/ [countable noun]a practical use of something, especially in science or industry 〔尤指在科学或工业上的〕实际应用application of The possible applications of this invention are limitless. 这发明可以应用的范围是无限的。practical application scientific research and its practical applications 科学研究及其实际应用function /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ [countable noun]the purpose for which something is intended or the way people use it 功能；作用 What is the function of literature in our society? 文学在我们社会有什么作用?function of The main function of the bars is to protect the driver's legs. 横杠的主要作用是保护驾驶员的双腿。8 being used now 目前正在使用be in use /biː ɪn ˈjuːs/ [verb phrase]if a room or machineis in use, it is being used by someone at the present time 〔房间或机器〕在使用中 The meeting room is in use at the moment, so we'll have to go somewhere else. 现在会议室在使用，我们只能去别处了。 All the photocopiers are in use. Could you come back later? 所有复印机都在使用中，你过会儿再来好吗？be occupied /biː ˈɒkjɑpaɪdǁ-ˈɑːk-/ [verb phrase]if seats, rooms, beds etcare occupied, they are being used and are therefore not available for anyone else to use 〔座位、房间、床位等〕被占用，有人在使用 All the chairs in the hall were occupied and at least 100 people had to stand. 大厅里所有座位都满了，至少100人要站着。 We're having to turn patients away because all the beds are occupied. 我们只能把病人打发走，因为所有床位都满了。be taken /biː ˈteɪkən/ [verb phrase]if a seat in a train, theatre, restaurant etcis taken, it is not available because someone else is already sitting there or will be soon 〔座位〕有人〔坐〕了 I'm sorry. This seat's taken. 对不起，这座位有人了。 There was nowhere to sit down in the hall. All the seats were taken. 大厅里没有地方可坐，所有座位都有人了。be engaged /biː ɪnˈgeɪdʒd/ [verb phrase]Britishif a telephone line or a public toiletis engaged, someone else is using it 【英】〔电话或公用厕所〕有人在使用 Every time I try to call her, the line's engaged. 我每次打电话给她都是忙音。 When the toilet is engaged, a red light shows above the door. 厕所有人在用时，门上方的红灯会亮起。9 something that can be used 可以使用的东西available /əˈveɪləbəl/ [adjective]something that isavailable can be used, for example because no one else is using it or it is not being used for anything else 可用的，没被占用的 This program will take up a lot of your available disk space. 这个程序会占用大量的可用磁盘空间。every available Houses were being built on every available plot of land. 每一块可用的土地上都在盖房子。whatever is available Use whatever seasonal vegetables are available. 有什么当令蔬菜就使用什么。free /friː/ [adjective]use this about a chair, room, table etc that you can use because no-one else is using it 不在使用的，空着的 The office next door is free if you need somewhere to work. 如果你需要找个地方工作，隔壁的办公室没有人用。 There's just one free table, over there in the corner. 只有一张桌子空着，在那边的角落里。usable /ˈjuːzəbəl/ [adjective]something that isusable can be used, because it works well or because it has been made ready for use 可以使用的 I know the bicycle's old, but it's still usable. 我知道这辆自行车旧了，但还是可以用的。 The refinery turns crude oil into usable products such as gas and tar. 提炼厂把原油变成汽油、沥青等可用产品。 The program has some nice features that make it more usable than most. 该程序的一些优点使它比大多数其他程序的用处大。valid /ˈvælɪd, ˈvæləd/ [adjective]if a ticket, passport etc isvalid, you can legally use it and it will be officially accepted. 〔票、护照等〕有效的 Do you have a valid driver's license? 你有有效的驾驶执照吗？valid for Your ticket is valid for travel at any time of the day. 你的票当天乘车有效。valid for 10 years/two months/one week etc My passport is valid for 10 years. 我的护照有效期为10年。current /ˈkʌrəntǁˈkɜːr-/ [adjective usually before noun]acurrent official document has not yet reached the date after which it can no longer be used 〔正式文件〕现行的，当前的 Acceptable forms of ID include a current passport or a birth certificate. 可接受的身份证明包括有效护照或出生证明。10 something that can be used in various ways 有各种用途的东西versatile /ˈvɜːʳsətaɪlǁ-tl/ [adjective]something that isversatile can be used in many different ways 多功能的，多用途的 Few foods are as versatile as cheese. 很少食物像干酪一样用途广泛。 Because lavender oil is versatile and cheap, it is the most used in aromatherapy. 由于薰衣草油用途广而且价格便宜，所以是香薰疗法中用得最多的。 a versatile work table 多功能工作台multi-purpose /ˌmʌlti ˈpɜːʳpəs◂/ [adjective only before noun]amulti-purpose tool, machine, piece of equipment etc has been specially designed to have many different uses 〔工具、机器、设备等〕多用途的 The emergency box contains a multi-purpose knife with screwdriver, scissors and a can-opener. 紧急备用箱里有一把集螺丝刀、剪刀和开罐器为一体的多用途小刀。 The new multi-purpose bank card gives access to your checking accounts and can also be used as a credit card. 这种新的多用途银行卡既可以使用活期存款账户，又可用作信用卡。all-purpose /ˈɔːl ˌpɜːʳpəs/ [adjective only before noun]anall-purpose product has been specially made for all the uses which that type of product has 通用的，万能的 You can buy an all-purpose greetings card, with blank space, for you to write in your own message. 你可以买一张多用途贺卡，上面是空白的，可以写上自己的话。 an all-purpose cleaning fluid 万能清洁剂11 to use something again 再次使用某物reuse /ˌriːˈjuːz/ [transitive verb]to use something more than once 重复利用，再次使用 The supermarket encourages shoppers to reuse plastic bags. 那家超级市场鼓励顾客重复使用塑料袋。 The bottles are designed to be reused up to 20 times. 这些瓶子是按可以重复使用多达20次而设计的。recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkəl/ [transitive verb]to put bottles, newspapers, cans etc through a process so that they can be used for making new glass products, paper etc 〔瓶子、报纸、罐等〕回收利用，再利用 New techniques for recycling plastics are being introduced. 正在引进回收塑料的新技术。recyclable [adjective] Most cans are recyclable. 大多数罐子可回收利用。recycled [adjective] All our envelopes are made from recycled paper. 我们的信封都是用再生纸做的。recycling [adjective only before noun] a recycling bin 回收箱12 to use something wrongly 误用某物misuse /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/ [transitive verb]to use something wrongly, for a purpose that was not intended 误用，滥用 Measures must be taken to prevent confidential data from being misused. 一定要采取措施防止机密数据被误用。 He is accused of misusing public funds. 他被控滥用公共基金。misuse /ˌmɪsˈjuːs/ [countable/uncountable noun] Opponents of genetic engineering see it as a misuse of scientific knowledge. 反对者认为遗传工程学是滥用科学知识。abuse /əˈbjuːz/ [transitive verb]to use something for a bad purpose, especially to use a position of power or trust in order to get a personal advantage 滥用〔尤指权力或信任，从而得到个人优势〕 Local politicians abused their privileges to make themselves rich. 地方政客滥用特权为自己敛财。 people who abuse the welfare system 滥用福利制度的人abuse /əˈbjuːs/ [uncountable noun] This is an obscene abuse of political power. 这是无耻地滥用政治权力。13 words, remarks, ideas etc that have been used too much 用得太多的词语、评论、想法等over-used /ˌəʊvəʳ ˈjuːzd◂/ [adjective]used too much and therefore no longer interesting or effective 使用过多的〔因而不再有趣或有效〕 ‘Creative’ is an over-used word nowadays and is difficult to define. 如今“creative”〔创造性的〕一词用得太多，很难下定义。 His lecture turned out to be full of unoriginal material and over-used examples. 他的讲座原来尽是没有新意的材料和用得不能再用的例子。stale /steɪl/ [adjective]no longer interesting or exciting because of having been used too much 〔因使用太多而〕不再有趣的，乏味的 Nicholson's routine was full of stale old jokes that we'd all heard before. 尼科尔森的套路全是老掉牙的笑话，我们以前都听过了。 stale advertising images 没有新意的广告形象trite /traɪt/ [adjective]atrite remark, idea etc has been used so often, that is seems boring or not sincere 〔评论、想法等〕老生常谈的，陈腐的 I know it might sound like a trite remark, but mothers usually know best. 我知道这听起来也许老生常谈，可还是要说母亲一般知道得最清楚。be wearing thin /biː ˌweərɪŋ ˈθɪn/ [verb phrase]if an excuse, an argument, someone's behaviour etcis wearing thin, it has been used so often that it no longer has any effect and is annoying 〔借口、论点、某人的行为等因用得太多而〕不起作用 Her rebellious teenager act is wearing thin. After all, she's nearly twenty-five. 她那种青少年的叛逆行为已不再有用，毕竟她都快25岁了。be wearing a bit/a little thin That joke is wearing a bit thin now, Stuart. 那个笑话现在有点听腻了，斯图尔特。clichéd /ˈkliːʃeɪdǁkliːˈʃeɪd/ [adjective]speech, writing or an idea that isclichéd is boring and without real meaning, because it is not original at all 〔演说、文字或思想〕老生常谈的，陈词滥调的 the clichéd openings of jokes like, ‘Have you heard the one about...?’ 老套的笑话开场白，如“你听过这么一个故事吗…？” We work well together and we are really good friends. I know it sounds clichéd but it's the truth. 我们共事合作得很好，我们是很好的朋友。我知道这听起来老掉牙了，但那是事实。hackneyed /ˈhæknid/ [adjective]ahackneyed phrase, statement etc is boring and does not have much meaning because it has been used so often before 〔词语、陈述等〕老生常谈的，陈腐的 Politicians tend to repeat the same hackneyed expressions over and over again. 政客往往会一遍又一遍地重复那些同样的套话。 All those slogans we used to chant sound so hackneyed now. 我们以前喊的那些口号现在听来都这么陈腐。14 no longer being used 不再使用的disused /ˌdɪsˈjuːzd◂/ [adjective only before noun]especially Britisha disused factory, mine, railway etc is old and not used any more 【尤英】〔工厂、煤矿、铁路等〕废弃不用的 The drugs were found in a disused warehouse. 毒品在一个废弃的仓库里被发现。 They have been given a grant to convert the disused church into luxury flats. 他们得到授权将这座废弃的教堂改建成豪华公寓。unused /ˌʌnˈjuːzd◂/ [adjective]something that isunused has not yet been used or has not been used for a long time 未用过的；长时间没有使用的 His old car sat in the garage, unused. 他的旧车停在车库里，好久没有使用了。 Batteries which are unused for long periods may have to be recharged. 长久没有使用的电池可能需要重新充电。 Unused muscles can feel very sore when you start exercising. 刚刚开始锻炼的时候，不常运动的肌肉会感到酸痛。idle /ˈaɪdl/ [adjective not before noun]if machines or factories areidle, they are not being used 〔机器或工厂〕闲置的stand/sit/lie idle Most of the factory stood idle during the strike. 罢工期间，多数工厂都停工了。 The new machines may sit idle for months until they have been paid for. 新机器在有人购买之前可能要闲置数月。 Why is millions of pounds worth of state-of-the-art equipment lying idle? 价值数百万英镑的先进设备为什么闲置不用？gather dust /ˌgæðəʳ ˈdʌst/ [verb phrase]if something such as a machine or a plangathers dust, it is not being used, especially when it could be useful 〔机器或计划等〕闲置，不被使用〔尤指在可以使用的时候〕 Some of the new equipment is just gathering dust because the staff have not been trained to use it. 一些新设备因为员工没有学会使用，就放着积灰。 The plans lie gathering dust in some government office. 这些计划在某个政府办公室里闲置着。fall into disuse /ˌfɔːl ɪntə dɪsˈjuːs/ [verb phrase]if somethingfalls into disuse, people gradually stop using it because they no longer need or want it 〔某物因人们已不需要或不想要而〕逐渐废弃不用 The canal system fell into disuse around the end of the nineteenth century. 这条运河到了19世纪末前后就逐渐停用了。 When the old woman died, the house fell into disuse. 老妇死后，房子就无人居住了。15 documents, tickets etc that can no longer be used 已不能用的文件、票等invalid /ɪnˈvælɪd, ɪnˈvæləd/ [adjective]a ticket, passport etc that isinvalid cannot legally be used and it will not be officially accepted 〔票、护照等〕无效的 I'm afraid your ticket is invalid on this route. 恐怕你的票不能在本线使用。 This passport is invalid. Look at the expiry date. 这本护照无效，看看失效日期。out of date /ˌaʊt əv ˈdeɪt/ [adjective/adverb phrase]a ticket, passport etc that isout of date cannot be used because the time during which it could be used has passed 过期 Are you aware that your passport is out of date? 你注意到你的护照过期了吗？days/months/years out of date He tried to get on the train using a pass that was months out of date. 他试图用一张过期几个月的乘车证上火车。null and void /ˌnʌl ən ˈvɔɪd/ [adjective phrase]a document such as a contract that isnull and void has no legal force and cannot be used for any purpose - used in legal contexts 〔文件〕无效的〔法律用语〕 If the contract has not been signed by witnesses, it is considered null and void. 合同若无见证人签署便属无效。16 to use an amount of something 使用一定量的某物use /juːz/ [transitive verb]touse an amount of something such as fuel, water, or food 消耗，用掉 Who's used all the hot water? 谁把热水都用光了？ We use about six pints of milk a week. 我们每周消耗6品脱牛奶。 Planning is essential to make sure that resources are used effectively. 要保证资源有效利用，规划是至关重要的。 The average Westerner uses over 260 lbs of paper every year. 西方人每年平均消耗260多磅纸张。use up /ˌjuːz ˈʌp/ [transitive phrasal verb]to use all of something, so that there is none left 用完，用光use up something We should use up everything in the fridge before we go on vacation. 我们去度假前要把冰箱里所有的东西都吃完。 The country's oil reserves will soon be used up. 该国的石油储备不久将耗尽。use something up That is to say, once we have used our fossil fuels up, there won't be any more. 那就是说，一旦我们把矿物燃料耗尽，就再也没有了。consume /kənˈsjuːmǁ-ˈsuːm/ [transitive verb]formalto use fuel, energy, water, and other natural products - use this especially to talk about the amount of fuel, energy etc used by people in general 【正式】消耗〔尤用于表示总体上人们消耗燃料、能量等的数量〕 The US imports 45% of the oil that it consumes. 美国消耗的石油45%是进口的。 Industrialized countries consume natural resources in huge quantities. 工业国大量消耗自然资源。get/go through /ˈget, ˈgəʊ θruː/ [transitive phrasal verb]to use a large amount of something in a short period 〔在短时间内〕用完 Sometimes I go through a whole pack of cigarettes in a single afternoon. 有时我一个下午就会把一整包香烟抽完。 We went through our food supplies at an alarming rate. 我们以惊人的速度把储备的食品都吃完了。burn up /ˌbɜːʳn ˈʌp/ [transitive phrasal verb]to use a lot of something, especially energy or fuel 大量消耗〔尤指能量或燃料〕 In the typical Western diet, all the energy in protein is burned up daily. 典型的西方饮食中，蛋白质里的能量是每天都消耗完的。burn up caloriesto use energy, for example by exercising 消耗热量 Women tend to burn up calories less efficiently than men. 女性消耗热量往往比男性慢。eat up /ˌiːt ˈʌp/ [transitive phrasal verb]if somethingeats up money, gas, electricity etc, it uses it very quickly and in large amounts 很快用光，耗尽〔钱、汽油、电等〕 My rent eats up most of my money. 我的房租要花去我大部分的钱。 Non-energy saving light bulbs just eat up electricity. 非节能型灯泡非常耗电。 The V8 is a very powerful engine, but it really eats up gas. V8型发动机功率非常大，可实在太耗汽油了。take up /ˌteɪk ˈʌp/ [transitive phrasal verb]to use space or time, especially a lot of it 占用〔许多空间或时间〕 Filing cabinets are very useful but they take up a lot of space. 文件柜用处很大，可是占很多地方。 I'll go now - I don't want to take up too much of your time. 我现在得走了—我不想占用你太多时间。expend /ɪkˈspend/ [transitive verb]formalexpend energy/time/effort etcto use energy, time etc when you are doing something, usually too much of it 耗费能量/时间/精力等 The final result hardly justifies the amount of time and energy that has been expended. 最后的结果难以证明所花费的时间和精力是合理的。expend something on/upon something We expend a lot of effort every day upon quite pointless activities. 我们每天都在完全无意义的事情上耗费不少精力。17 the amount of something that is used 使用了的量consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ [uncountable noun]the amount of fuel, energy etc that people use 消耗量water/fuel/energy etc consumption The government is urging people to reduce their water consumption. 政府呼吁民众减少用水。 Most people are aware of the need to reduce energy consumption. 大多数人已经意识到有必要减少能源消耗。consumption of declining consumption of coal, oil and gas 煤、石油和天然气的消耗减少18 someone that regularly uses amounts of something 经常使用某物的人user /ˈjuːzəʳ/ [countable noun] Part of the increase in price will be passed on to private users. 价格上涨的一部分将转嫁给私人用户。 one of the heaviest users of fossil fuels in the world 世界上最大的化石燃料使用者之一drug user There is a growing concern about the spread of AIDS among drug users. 艾滋病在吸毒者中蔓延越来越引起人们的关注了。consumer /kənˈsjuːməʳǁ-ˈsuː-/ [countable noun]someone who buys and uses products and services 消费者 Only 25% of the price a consumer pays for vegetables goes to the farmer. 消费者购买蔬菜的钱只有25%归农民所有。consumer demand/behaviour/preferences etc Supermarkets are responding to increased consumer demand for organic products. 消费者对有机产品的需求增加，超级市场正作出回应。 Improved consumer choice is one of the benefits of a free market. 消费者选择范围扩大是自由市场的好处之一。the consumerconsumers generally 消费者〔总称〕 Any increase in the cost of transporting goods will be passed on to the consumer. 产品运输成本的上涨都将转嫁给消费者。19 amounts of something that have not been used 未使用的量unused /ˌʌnˈjuːzd◂/ [adjective usually before noun]something that isunused, has not been used, especially because it has not been needed 没有用掉的，未用过的〔尤因为没有需要〕 Any unused wool can be returned to the shop. 没有用过的毛线可以退还给商店。 Unused ammunition was dumped by US planes over Laos. 没有用过的弹药是由美国的飞机在老挝上空扔下的。 the safe disposal of unused stocks of pharmaceutical products 对没有用完的药品库存的安全处置untouched /ˌʌnˈtʌtʃt◂/ [adjective]not used at all - use this when it is unusual or surprising that something has not been used 原封未动的〔指这是出人意料的〕 The guests had disappeared and the food was untouched. 客人不见了，食物也没有动过。leave something untouched We managed to leave our savings untouched when we bought the new car. 我们买新车时设法没有动用储蓄。untapped /ˌʌnˈtæpt◂/ [adjective]untapped supplies of something, especially a natural product, have not been used 未开采的〔尤指自然资源〕 Untapped reserves of oil and minerals are thought to lie beneath the desert. 据认为沙漠底下有尚未开采的石油储备和矿藏。 The firm recognized that the potential of their databases went largely untapped. 这家公司承认他们资料库的潜力大部分尚未得到开发。untapped resources The plants of the Australian outback represent a vast untapped resource. 澳大利亚内地的植物是一大片未开采的资源。20 to use someone for your own advantage 利用某人use /juːz/ [transitive verb] Can't you see they're just using you? 难道你看不出他们只是在利用你吗? She lets herself be used and then dropped by almost every man she meets. 她遇见的男人几乎每一个都是利用过她之后就把她抛弃，她也无所谓。use somebody to do something The drug smugglers used innocent travellers to carry the drugs through customs. 毒品走私者利用无辜旅客将毒品带过海关。use somebody for your own endsfor your own advantage 利用某人来达到个人目的 In his political life, he was not above using his family for his own ends. 在他的政治生涯里，他也会利用家人来达到个人目的。take advantage of /ˌteɪk ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ ɒvǁ-ˈvæn-/ [verb phrase]to use someone for your own advantage, especially someone who is very generous or is easily persuaded or deceived 利用〔尤指非常慷慨或容易上当受骗的人〕 Don't let them take advantage of you. Stand up for yourself. 别让他们利用你，维护自己吧。 Older brothers and sisters often take advantage of the younger children in a family. 大哥哥大姐姐经常会欺负家里的小弟弟小妹妹。take advantage of somebody's good nature She's always willing to babysit, but I don't want to take advantage of her good nature. 她总愿意来照看孩子，可是我不想利用她的好心肠。exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ [transitive verb]to use someone in order to get what you want, especially to make money from their work 利用，剥削〔某人，尤以从中榨取金钱〕 Many employers are only too ready to exploit and underpay female part-time workers. 许多雇主很会剥削兼职女工，付给她们很微薄的薪水。 Peasants in remote areas of the country were being shamelessly exploited by wealthy land owners. 该国偏远地区的农民受到富有地主厚颜无耻的剥削。exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] protests against the exploitation of children in the clothing industry 对制衣行业剥削童工的抗议manipulate /məˈnɪpjɑleɪt/ [transitive verb]to make someone do exactly what you want them to do by influencing them in a clever and dishonest way 〔巧妙而不诚实地〕摆布，控制 He's so crazy about her he doesn't realize he's being manipulated. 他对她爱得发疯，意识不到自己正受她摆布。manipulate somebody into (doing) something He managed to manipulate her into lending his company £500,000. 他耍手段让她借给他公司50万英镑。 He's such a nice man, I could imagine him getting manipulated into a situation like that. 他是如此好心肠的人，我想象得出他是受人左右陷入了那样的局面。manipulation /məˌnɪpjɑˈleɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] the manipulation of public opinion by the media 媒体对民意的操纵manipulative /məˈnɪpjɑlətɪvǁ-leɪtɪv/ [adjective]good at manipulating people 善于操纵他人的 Small children can be quite manipulative. 年幼的孩子有时很会支使人。can wrap/wind somebody around your little finger /kən ˌræp, ˌwaɪnd somebody əraʊnd jɔːʳ ˌlɪtl ˈfɪŋgəʳ/ [verb phrase]informalto be able to persuade someone to do anything you want, especially someone who likes or loves you 【非正式】任意支配某人〔尤指喜欢或爱你的人〕 Young girls quickly learn how to wind Daddy around their little finger. 小女孩很快就能学会如何支使她们的爸爸。have somebody wound/wrapped around your little finger It was obvious she had her mother wrapped around her little finger. 显然，她能让妈妈顺着她。21 someone who is used by someone else 受别人利用的人pawn /pɔːn/ [countable noun]someone who is used by a more powerful person or group as part of their plans for getting power, especially when the person being used does not realize this 〔被更有权势的人或组织利用却不自知的〕小卒，爪牙 The soldiers were nothing more than pawns, regarded as dispensable by their officers. 士兵只不过是一批小卒，在军官眼里可有可无。use somebody as a pawn The ambassador was being used as a pawn in the struggle between the two superpowers. 这位大使在两个超级大国的争斗中被用成一颗棋子。puppet /ˈpʌpɪt, ˈpʌpət/ [countable noun]a ruler or government that seems to be independent but is really controlled by the government of another more powerful country 傀儡a puppet ruler/regime/government In 1290, Edward I set up a puppet government in the Scottish lowlands. 1290年，爱德华一世在苏格兰低地扶植了一个傀儡政府。puppet of During the 70s many Eastern European leaders were merely puppets of the Kremlin. 那时，许多小国家的领导人只不过是帝国的傀儡。tool /tuːl/ [countable noun]someone who is controlled and used unfairly by another person or group, especially to do something bad 受人利用的人〔尤指被利用做坏事〕tool of The king was merely a tool of the military regime. 国王只是军人政权的傀儡而已。stooge /stuːdʒ/ [countable noun]someone who always does what another person or group wants 受人驱使的人 Community leaders in the area are widely regarded as police stooges. 该地区的社区领袖被普遍认为是受命于警方的人。stooge of He accused her of being a stooge of the Tory Party. 他指责她是保守党的走狗。instrument /ˈɪnstrɪmənt, ˈɪnstrəmənt/ [countable noun]someone who is used and controlled by someone or something more powerful 受人摆布的人instrument of Even small children were used as instruments of the regime, encouraged to spy on and report their parents. 甚至小孩子也成了这个政权的工具，被鼓励监视和举报自己的父母。 The Committee on Ethics in Public Life was regarded by many as being a mere instrument of the government. 许多人认为公共生活道德委员会只不过是政府的工具。