FIRST1 happening, existing, done etc first2 first in a race or competition3 when something is the first thing you want to say4 someone's first performance, appearance, or speech5 to do something that has never been done before6 something that is the firstRELATED WORDSoppositeLASTsee alsoSTARTBEGINNINGINTRODUCENEWINVENT1 happening, existing, done etc first 最先发生的、存在、做的等first /fɜːʳst/ [adjective]before everyone or everything else 第一的；最先的 Laurie's name was first on the list. 劳丽的名字在名单上是第一个。 I still remember my first day of school. 我仍记得第一天上学的情形。 She had her first baby in 1998. 她的第一个孩子是1998年生的。 I've only read the first chapter, but it seems like a really good book. 这本书我只看了第一章，但似乎是一本很不错的书。 The first thing I ever had published was an article for the Boy Scout magazine. 我刊出的第一篇东西是为《男童子军》杂志写的一篇文章。first /fɜːʳst/ [adverb]before you do any other things, or before anything else happens 首先，第一，最早 I always read the sports page of the newspaper first. 我总是先读报纸的体育版。 Shall we go out now, or do you want to eat first? 我们现在出去，还是你想先吃东西？ I'll help you with your homework, but first let me finish the dishes. 我会帮你一起做家庭作业，但让我先把碗碟洗了。first of all /ˌfɜːʳst əv ˈɔːl/ [adverb]at the beginning, before other events or actions - use this especially to say what you should do or what you did do first 首先 First of all, fry the onions. 首先，把洋葱油炸一下。 First of all, let me welcome everyone to the meeting. 首先，让我来欢迎各位出席这次会议。 First of all I went to tell my wife and then my daughter and son-in-law what had happened. 首先我告诉了妻子，然后是告诉女儿和女婿发生了什么事。original /əˈrɪdʒɪnəl, -dʒənəl/ [adjective only before noun]use this about something that existed at the beginning, especially before a lot of things were changed 原先的，最早的，最初的 The house still has its original stone floors. 这房子仍保留着原先的石地板。 Our original plan was to go camping, but it was pouring with rain. 我们原先的计划是去野营，但下着倾盆大雨。initial /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ [adjective only before noun]use this to talk about what happened at the beginning of a process or activity or what someone felt at the beginning, especially when this changes later 最初的〔阶段、活动等〕initial response/reaction/feeling etc My initial reaction was one of complete disbelief. 我最初的反应是完全不相信。 After the initial shock, people adjusted to the new circumstances. 最初的震惊过后，人们就逐渐适应了新的环境。initial difficulties/problems/setbacks etc Initial difficulties with the computer system were soon fixed. 电脑系统最初的问题很快就解决了。initial stage/trial/step etc I was only involved in the initial stages of the planning. 我只参与了最初几个规划阶段。 Classes in gun handling are recommended as the initial step for those who want to own a handgun. 建议想要拥有手枪的人把去参加枪支使用培训班作为第一步。initially [adverb] Far fewer people have applied for the visas than the government initially expected. 申请签证的人数比政府原先预计的要少得多。earliest /ˈɜːʳliɪst, ˈɜːʳliəst/ [adjective usually before noun]happening or existing before all others 最早的；最先的 ‘The Comedy of Errors’ is one of Shakespeare's earliest plays. 《错误的喜剧》是莎士比亚最早的剧本之一。 The earliest form of transport was probably some kind of sledge. 最早的交通工具可能是某种雪橇。 Ginger was one of the earliest oriental spices known to Europeans. 姜是欧洲人最早认识的东方调味品之一。the first time /ðə ˌfɜːʳst ˈtaɪm/ [adverb]use this to say that something happens that has never happened before 第一次，初次the first time (that) The first time I went on a plane I was really nervous. 我第一次坐飞机时非常紧张。 It was the first time that she had seen her mother cry. 那是她第一次见到母亲哭泣。for the first time For the first time, representatives from the two countries will talk at a conference table. 两国的代表将第一次坐到会议桌上谈判。unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentəd, ʌnˈpresədentəd/ [adjective]something that isunprecedented has never happened before and is usually unexpected 前所未有的；空前的 An unprecedented number of cars entered the race. 参加比赛的汽车之多前所未有。 The police took the unprecedented step of publishing the victim's photograph. 警方公布了被害者的相片，这是史无前例的。 The depression that started in mid-1929 was a catastrophe of unprecedented dimensions for the United States. 始于1929年中期的经济萧条对美国来说是一场规模空前的灾难。2 first in a race or competition 在比赛或竞赛中获第一be first/come first/finish first /biː ˈfɜːʳst, ˌkʌm ˈfɜːʳst, ˌfɪnɪʃ ˈfɜːʳst/ [verb phrase]to be the person who wins a race or a competition 获第一名，取得第一 Jones came first in the 200 metres. 琼斯在200米赛跑中获第一名。 Maryam was first to cross the line, in just 12 seconds. 马娅姆第一个冲过了终点线，只用了12秒。 Krzystof finished first among the 147 professional cyclists. 克日什托夫在147名专业自行车运动员中第一个冲过终点线。3 when something is the first thing you want to say 某事是你想说的第一件事firstly/first /ˈfɜːʳstli, fɜːʳst/ [adverb]spokensay this to introduce the first fact, reason, or question, when you are going to mention several more things 【口】首先，第一 I wanted to change schools, firstly because I didn't like the teacher and secondly because it was too far away. 我要换学校，首先我不喜欢这老师，其次它太远了。 First, may I say that I am extremely grateful for the trust my colleagues have put in me. 首先请允许我对同事们表示由衷的感激，他们对我很信任。 African leaders are worried, firstly about the official flow of aid, and also about levels of private investment. 非洲的领导人首先是担心官方援助的提供，同时也担心私人投资的水平。first of all /ˌfɜːʳst əv ˈɔːl/ [adverb]spokensay this when the reason you are giving first is the most important one 【口】首先 Freddy, first of all, I didn't flirt with him. He flirted with me. 弗雷迪，首先我没和他打情骂俏，是他想和我打情骂俏。 I called the book ‘Drum Planet’ because first of all, there are drums in every culture. 我把该书起名为《鼓的行星》，首先因为在每种文化中都有鼓。to start/begin with /tə ˈstɑːʳt, bɪˈgɪn wɪθ/ [adverb]spokensay this when your reason or fact is the most easy to see or understand 【口】首先，第一 To start with, one of the biggest problems in the classroom is that the kids don't get enough discipline at home. 首先班里最大的问题之一是这些孩子在家里都不够有规矩。 Working at home is a good option, because, to begin with, what's the point of driving two hours a day just to sit in front of a computer? 在家上班是个很好的选择，首先因为一天开两小时车就为了坐在电脑前有什么意思呢？in the first placealsofor a startBritish /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːʳst pleɪs, fər ə ˈstɑːʳt/ [adverb]spokensay this when you are arguing or discussing something with someone and you are going to give the main reason that proves that what you are saying is true 【口】首先，第一 In the first place, they have a more experienced team, so they're more likely to win. 首先他们的球队有更多经验，所以他们更有可能赢。 We haven't made a decision, because, in the first place, we do not know enough at this point. 我们还未决定，因为首先我们目前对情况了解得不够多。 For a start, someone's sex should not matter in a job interview. 第一，个人的性别不应该影响到求职面试。before I start /bɪˌfɔːr aɪ ˈstɑːʳt/spokensay this when you are going to say something before you start the main part of a speech or talk to a group of people 【口】讲正题以前，首先 Before I start, I'd like to thank everyone for coming. 进入正题以前，我要感谢各位的光临。 All right, before I start, could everyone please stand up and introduce themselves. 好，首先请各位起立作一下自我介绍。4 someone's first performance, appearance, or speech 某人的首次演出、出场或讲话debut /ˈdeɪbjuː, ˈdebjuːǁdeɪˈbjuː, dɪ-/ [countable noun usually singular]someone's first public performance, especially in a play, a film or a sport 首次演出；首次亮相〔尤指在戏剧、电影或体育比赛中〕 ‘Little Man Tate’ was Jodie Foster's directorial debut. 《我的天才宝贝》是乔迪福斯特导演的第一部影片。debut for This is his debut for his new club, Manchester United. 这是他为新转入的曼联队踢的首场比赛。make your debut Charlie Chaplin made his film debut in 1913. 查利·卓别林于1913年首次登上银幕。premiere /ˈpremieəʳǁprɪˈmɪər/ [countable noun usually singular]the first public performance of a play or film 〔电影或戏剧的〕首次公演 I've been invited to the premiere of the new Schliessman play. 我被邀请出席施利斯曼新戏的首演。world premierethe first performance anywhere in the world 世界首演 Music-lovers gathered in Boston for the world premiere of Gershwin's opera, ‘Porgy and Bess’. 音乐爱好者聚集在波士顿来参加格什温的歌剧《波吉与贝丝》的全球首次公演。film/movie premiere ‘Singing in the Rain’ begins with its stars attending a movie premiere. 《雨中曲》开始时是影星们在参加一次电影首映式。maiden /ˈmeɪdn/ [adjective only before noun]maiden voyage/flight/speechthe first one that a particular ship, aircraft, or person makes 首次的航行/飞行/演讲 The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage. 泰坦尼克号首航时沉没了。 Two jets crashed on their maiden flights last year. 去年有两架飞机在首次飞行中失事。 The new prime minister admitted that her maiden speech had been too long. 新首相承认她的首次讲演太冗长了。inaugural /ɪˈnɔːgjɑrəl/ [adjective only before noun]inaugural lecture/address/speech etcone that an important person does or makes when they first start a new job 〔重要人物的〕就职讲座/致辞/讲话等 The inaugural address drew a large audience. 就职演讲吸引了大批听众。 Professor Eston gave the inaugural lecture in 1860. 伊斯顿教授在1860年作了首次讲座。5 to do something that has never been done before 做以前从未做过的事be the first to do something /biː ðə ˌfɜːʳst tə ˈduː something/ [verb phrase] The Spanish were the first to keep cattle in the American deserts. 西班牙人是首先在美洲的沙漠上养牛的人。 She was the first to see the link between poverty and poor health. 她是第一个看出贫困与健康不佳之间关系的人。be the first person to do something Yuri Gagarin became the first man to fly in space. 尤里·加加林是第一个作太空飞行的人。show the way/lead the way /ˌʃəʊ ðə ˈweɪ, ˌliːd ðə ˈweɪ/ [verb phrase]to be the first to do something, especially something good or successful, which may encourage others to do something similar 带头〔尤指做好事或成功的事〕 Once the Japanese had shown the way, manufacturers in other countries soon began to use robots on a large scale. 日本人带头之后，其他国家的制造商也都很快大规模地使用机器人。lead the way in doing something The company has led the way in developing environmentally friendly products. 该公司在开发环保产品方面带了头。never been done/attempted/tried before /ˌnevəʳ biːn ˈdʌn, əˈtemptd, ˈtraɪd bɪˌfɔːʳ/use this about something someone does or tries to do that no-one has ever done before 以前从未做过/尝试过 The special effects in the movie included things that had never been done before. 这部影片中的特技效果有些是前所未有的。 Because of advances in technology, we are able to try something that has never been attempted before. 由于技术的进步，我们能够尝试一些从未尝试过的事。pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪəʳ/ [transitive verb]to be the first to invent or find a new method of doing something, and make it possible or easier for others to do the same 开拓，开发；开创 He pioneered techniques for photographing moving objects. 他为拍摄移动物体开创了新技术。 Heart-transplant surgery was pioneered by Professor Christiaan Barnard. 心脏移植手术是由克里斯蒂安·巴纳德教授开创的。pioneer [countable noun] She became famous as a pioneer of the person who pioneered prison reform. 她作为监狱改革的先驱而闻名于世。pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ◂/ [adjective only before noun]using new and better methods or ideas for the first time 开拓的，开发的，首创的 Her pioneering work in the field of education will be remembered. 她在教育领域所做的开拓性工作将流芳后世。 Cowley's pioneering development of modern emergency medicine helped save countless lives. 考利对现代急救医学的开拓性发展拯救了无数人的生命。break new ground /ˌbreɪk njuː ˈgraʊndǁ-nuː-/ [verb phrase]if someone or their workbreaks new ground, their work is completely new and different from anything that existed before 〔某人或其想法〕开辟新天地；创新 Roosevelt's social reform program broke new ground. 罗斯福的社会改革计划开辟了新的天地。 The album is enjoyable, but breaks no new ground. 这个专辑很好听，但没有新意。 There's a lot of new ground being broken in the field of genetic research. 基因研究领域有许多创新。ground-breaking /ˈgraʊnd ˌbreɪkɪŋ/ [adjective only before noun] He won praise as governor for his ground-breaking educational reforms. 作为推行创新教育改革的州长，他受人称赞。break the mouldBritish/moldAmerican /ˌbreɪk ðə ˈməʊld/ [verb phrase]to be the first to do something in a different way from the way it was usually done before 打破常规，创新 The governor urged teachers to break the mold in establishing new ways of teaching. 州长鼓励教师破除陈规，创出新的教学方法。 The new party promised to break the mould of British politics. 新政党答应要打破英国政治的陈规旧习。6 something that is the first 首次出现的某事a first /ə ˈfɜːʳst/ [singular noun]something that has never been done or achieved by anyone before and is therefore surprising or exciting 首次出现的事物，新鲜事；创举 If an animated film was nominated as best picture, it would be a first. 如果动画影片被提名为最佳影片，那将是第一次。a first in Roger Bannister's four-minute mile was a notable first in the history of athletics. 罗杰·班尼斯特四分钟跑一英里在运动史上是引人注目的新纪录。 During the 1960's, the Soviet Union achieved a series of firsts in space exploration. 在20世纪60年代，苏联在太空探索中做出一连串创举。a first for Delivering a baby on the job was a first for the two police officers. 执勤时接生婴儿对这两位警察来说是新鲜事。prototype /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ [countable noun]the first model of something, especially of a machine or a new invention, that is often improved in later models 〔尤指机器或新发明的〕原型；样品 No damage to the prototype aircraft was reported after its first test flight. 样机首次试飞后没有接到损坏的报告。prototype of Pilots have begun testing a prototype of the new aircraft. 飞行员已经开始试飞这种新式飞机的原型了。 The prototype of this particular computer was developed by an American in 1975. 这种电脑的原型是由一位美国人于1975年研制的。prototype for Within a year, the company expects to have a prototype for military use. 一年不到，该公司期望生产出一种供军用的样品。original /əˈrɪdʒɪnəl, -dʒənəl/ [countable noun]something such as a picture or a piece of writing that is not a copy but is the one produced for the first time by the artist or writer themselves 〔画或文章等的〕原作；原稿 I wasn't sure whether the portrait was an excellent copy or the original. 我无法确定这幅肖像画是出色的临摹本还是原作。 This is a photograph of the manuscript. The original is in the city museum. 这是手稿的照片。原稿在市博物馆里。original [adjective] Only a millionaire could afford to buy an original Picasso a picture by Picasso that is not a copy. 只有百万富翁才能买得起毕加索的原作。first-generation /ˌfɜːʳst dʒenəˈreɪʃən/ [adjective only before noun]first-generation computers, machines etc were the first ones of their type to be produced, and are the ones that later computers, machines etc of the same type are based on 第一代的〔电脑、机器等〕 The first-generation digital televisions cost over $2000. 第一代数字电视机要2,000多美元一台。 There were a variety of problems common to first-generation computer software programs. 第一代的电脑软件程序存在各种各样的常见问题。first generation [singular noun]first-generation of The first generation of cellular phones used analog transmitters and receivers. 第一代手机使用了模拟传输器和接收器。