LASTcoming at the end1 coming at the end after all others2 to be the last one in a line, group, race etc3 the one just before the last one4 what you say to introduce the last thing in a speech etclast for a period of time5 to continue for a particular period of time6 to stay in good condition for a particular period of time7 when a supply of something continues to be enoughRELATED WORDSlast week/year etc 上周/去年等BEFORE1 coming at the end after all others 位于所有其他之后的last /lɑːstǁlæst/ [adjective only before noun]happening or coming at the end, with no others after 最后的 What time does the last train leave? 最后一班火车什么时候开? Could you repeat the last number for me please? 你把最后一个号码再给我说一遍好吗? I really struggled on that last question. 最后那个问题我实在费了一番脑筋。 Don't miss the last episode tonight at 8.00 p.m. 不要错过今晚8点钟的最后一集。 I may as well eat that last little piece. 我就吃这最后的一小块吧。very lastuse this to emphasize that something is last 最后的〔用于强调〕 The very last train leaves at 1.00 a.m. 最后一班火车于凌晨1点钟开出。the last time That was the last time I ever saw her.I never saw her again那是我最后一次见她。last chance Today is your last chance to visit the fashion show, which ends this evening. 今天是看时装展的最后机会，晚上就要结束了。the last That lecture was the last in the series. 那是这个系列的最后一个讲座。last [adverb] The teacher called out my name last. 老师最后喊我的名字。leave something till lastdo something after you have done everything else 把某事留到最后 I do all our dishes, and leave the dog's dish till last. 我把我们的碗碟都洗完了，狗的盘子留到最后洗。keep/save something for lastuse, eat etc something after you have used, eaten etc everything else 把某物留到最后 I'm saving that chocolate for last. 我要把那块巧克力留到最后吃。final /ˈfaɪnl/ [adjective only before noun]last in a series of actions, events, parts of a story etc 〔一系列行为、事件或故事等〕最后的，最终的 Are you going to watch the final episode of ‘The X-Files’ tomorrow night? 明天晚上你打算看《X档案》的最后一集吗？ He got as far as the final interviews, but he didn't get the job unfortunately. 他连最后一关的面试都去了，但很遗憾，还是没有得到这份工作。 I'd like to make one final point before we move on to another subject. 在我们接着讨论另一个话题前，我还想讲最后一点。final stages/moments/minutesat or near the end of a period or process 最后阶段/时刻/几分钟 The president appears tired but hopeful as the final stages of the negotiations begin today. 最后阶段的谈判今天开始，总统看上去很疲劳，但是满怀希望。 Whitney made both free throws in the final minute of the game. 惠特尼在比赛的最后一分钟里两个罚球都进了。final game/round/match etc A victory over Fresno State in the final game Saturday would produce a record run of wins. 星期六最后一场比赛战胜弗雷斯诺州队的话，将创造一个连胜纪录。 The two men were tied for the lead going into today's final round of the Dunlop Phoenix golf tournament. 这两人以相同的杆数领先，进入邓禄普凤凰高尔夫球锦标赛于今天举行的最后一轮比赛。finally [adverb] The ulcer continued to spread, and the doctors finally had to amputate. 溃疡面积继续扩大，医生最后不得不进行切除。and finally The cruise took them to Spain, Italy, Greece and finally Morocco, where they caught their flight home. 游船带着他们经过了西班牙、意大利、希腊，最后一站是摩洛哥，他们再从摩洛哥乘飞机回家。closing /ˈkləʊzɪŋ/ [adjective only before noun]theclosing part of an event or period of time is the last part of it - use this especially when something important or exciting happens 结束的，结尾的〔尤用于有重大事件或激动人心的事情发生时〕the closing stages/chapter/sentence etc Marcos is expected to address the closing session of the conference later Monday. 马科斯要在星期一晚些时候的大会闭幕式上致辞。 The rider from the Netherlands is still in the lead as the Tour de France enters its closing stage today. 今天，环法自行车赛进入最后阶段，荷兰选手依然处于领先位置。 The closing scene of ‘Casablanca’ is one of the great moments of film history. 《北非谍影》片尾的场景是电影史上最精彩的时刻之一。closing seconds/minutes/years etc Barnes scored the winning goal in the closing seconds of the game. 巴恩斯在终场前的最后几秒内攻进致胜一球。 the closing years of the 20th century 20世纪的最后几年closing argumentthe final speech made by a lawyer in a court 终结辩论 After the defense finishes its closing argument, the prosecution will have the opportunity to reply. 辩方完成终结辩论之后，控方将有机会作出答辩。concluding /kənˈkluːdɪŋ/ [adjective]theconcluding part of a piece of writing, a speech, or an organized event is the last part of it, which finishes it in the way that was planned 结束的，最后的concluding stages/chapter/remarks etc We will return to these points in the concluding chapter. 我们将在最后一章回到这些问题上来。 In his concluding remarks, Santos drew attention to the issues facing developing countries. 桑托斯在他的结束语中呼吁人们关注发展中国家所面临的问题。 The Appeal court will, at the concluding stage, test its own opinions against those of the judges in the original hearing. 上诉法院将会在结案阶段提出自己的观点，看看是否比初审法官的意见更站得住脚。the latter /ðə ˈlætəʳ/ [singular noun]formalthe second of two things or people that are being compared with each other 【正式】后者 Opportunities for men and women, though especially the latter, are limited to employment in agriculture or domestic service. 男女的就业机会，尤其是后者，局限于农业或家务方面。 There were two candidates for the presidency, Lyndon B Johnson and Senator Barry Goldwater. The latter was known to hold extreme right-wing views. 总统候选人有两位，林登·B.约翰逊和巴里·戈德华特参议员。后者因持有极右观点而出名。latter [adjective only before noun] The classes consist of immigrants, and students who will return to their home countries at the end of the course. The latter group are preparing for the Cambridge Proficiency Certificate. 这些班级由移民学生和学成后要回国的学生组成。后者正在准备剑桥英语能力证书考试。2 to be the last one in a line, group, race etc 在队伍里、小组中、比赛中为最后一名be last /biː ˈlɑːstǁ-ˈlæst/ [verb phrase] There's no point in trying, because I know I'm going to be last. 没有必要试，因为我知道我会是最后一名。 We were last in a very long queue, so I knew we'd have a long wait. 队伍很长，我们排在最后，所以我知道我们要等很长时间。be (the) last to do something Sally was last to arrive. 萨莉最后一个到达。 His plane was always the first to take off, and the last to land. 他的飞机总是第一个起飞，最后一个降落。be last in linebe the last person to have something, especially when this seems unfair 排到最后〔尤指似乎不公平〕 I was the youngest in a family of four, so I was always last in line for clothes and toys. 我是家里四个孩子中最小的，所以衣服和玩具我总是排到最后一个。 Let's just say I don't want to be last in line for promotion. 我就这样说吧，我可不想排在最后才得到提升。come in last/finish lastalsocome lastBritish /ˌkʌm ɪn ˈlɑːst, ˌfɪnɪʃ ˈlɑːst, ˌkʌm ˈlɑːstǁ-ˈlæst/ [verb phrase not in progressive]to finish a race or competition in the last position 〔比赛〕得最后一名 Our school always comes in last in the regional competition. 在地区性比赛中，我们学校总是得最后一名。 Bakatin came last with just 3.4% of the vote. 巴克丁排在最后，只有3.4%的得票率。 Despite finishing last of six, he was only beaten by two lengths. 尽管六匹马中它跑了最后一名，但是它只是差两个马位而落败。bring up the rear /ˌbrɪŋ ʌp ðə ˈrɪəʳ/ [verb phrase]to be last in a line or group of people, cars, ships etc that is moving forward 〔在人流、车队、船队等中〕殿后，压队，居末 We all followed our guide up the path, Marcus and I bringing up the rear. 我们大家都跟着导游沿小路前行，马库斯和我殿后。 The funeral hearse was followed by cars full of friends, and a company of Life Guards brought up the rear. 灵车后面跟随着一辆辆坐满亲朋好友的小汽车，一个近卫骑兵团殿后。straggler /ˈstrægələʳ/ [countable noun]a person who is too slow to keep the same speed as the rest of the group they are with, so that they move along some distance behind 掉队者，落伍者 A few stragglers got lost in the fog. 几个掉队的人在大雾里迷失了方向。 After three and a half hours, the stragglers were still coming through. 三个半小时以后，还有一些落在后面的人陆续到达。3 the one just before the last one 倒数第二个next to last/second to last /ˌnekst tə ˈlɑːst, ˌsekənd tə ˈlɑːstǁ-ˈlæst/ [adjective phrase only before noun]coming just before the last one in a series, list, line etc 倒数第二的 I've nearly finished this test. I'm on the next to last question. 我快做完这份试卷了。我在答倒数第二题。 ‘How much have you read?’ ‘I'm on the second to last chapter.’ “你看了多少了？”“我在看倒数第二章。” It wasn't until the next to last day of the vacation that she dared to go to the beach. 直到假期结束前一天她才敢去海边。the last but one /ðə ˌlɑːst bət ˈwʌnǁ-ˌlæst-/ []Britishthe one just before the last one 【英】倒数第二个 She had several husbands. Garry Burton, the last but one, was a real alcoholic. 她有过好几位丈夫。加里·伯顿是倒数第二任，他是个十足的酒鬼。 He and his family escaped on the last but one ship to leave Hamburg. 他和家人乘坐倒数第二班轮船逃离汉堡。 There's a long row of houses and I live in the last but one. 那里有一长排的房子，我住在倒数第二幢。penultimate /pɪˈnʌltɪmət, pɪˈnʌltəmət/ [adjective only before noun]especially British, formalcoming just before the last one 【尤英，正式】倒数第二的 We booked a moped for the penultimate day of the holiday. 我们订了一辆摩托自行车在假期的倒数第二天使用。 Particularly impressive is the horn section on the penultimate track, ‘Just Jivin’ Around'. 尤其好听的是倒数第二首“来跳摇摆舞吧”的小号乐组。penultimate stage/step These trials are actually the penultimate step toward choosing the Olympic team for this summer's games. 这几场预赛实际上是为今年夏季奥运会选拔参赛球队所做的倒数第二步。penultimate game/round/lap etc Eric scored a timely win in the penultimate round of the Formula 1 championship. 埃里克在一级方程式大奖赛的倒数第二圈中及时追上并胜出。 His horse slipped and fell at the penultimate fence. 他的马在倒数第二道障碍物前失足滑倒。4 what you say to introduce the last thing in a speech etc 演讲等中要说最后一件事时说的话finally /ˈfaɪnəl-i/ [adverb]use this when something is the last thing you want to say, especially at the end of a long speech or piece of writing 最后〔尤用于长篇演说或文章的结尾〕 Finally, I'd like to thank all those people who helped make the conference such a success. 最后，我想对所有帮助这次会议成功召开的人表示感谢。 And finally, don't miss Albuquerque's amazing punk band, playing tonight at the Lunar Club. 最后，请不要错过阿尔布开克基了不起的朋克乐队，今晚他们将在月球俱乐部演出。lastly /ˈlɑːstliǁˈlæst-/ [adverb]use this to say that something is the last of a list of things, or when something is the last thing you want to say 最后 Now lastly, before you all leave, I want to mention some tips for the interview stage. 最后，在大家离开之前，我想就面试这个阶段提一些小建议。 And lastly, Delia, do you see the movement towards more and more computerization continuing in the future? 最后，迪莉娅，你有没有发现今后会越来越电脑化的这种倾向? Firstly it's too big, secondly we can't afford it, and lastly we don't really need it. 首先，这东西太大了；第二，我们买不起；最后，我们实在不需要。last but not least /ˌlɑːst bət nɒt ˈliːstǁˌlæst-/ [adverb]use this when you are mentioning the last person or thing in a list, to emphasize that they are just as important as all the others 最后但也是同样重要的 Last but not least, let me introduce Jane, our new accountant. 最后，但也同样重要的是，我要介绍一下我们新来的会计简。 And last but not least, I thank Begona Canup for her interest in the book. 最后，但也一样重要的是，我要感谢贝贡娜·坎纳普对这本书的关心。last but certainly not/by no means least Social Security has reduced poverty, and last, but by no means least, it has been a good deal for participants. 社会保障制度减少了贫困，最后同样重要的一点是，对于参加者来说它是合算的。5 to continue for a particular period of time 持续一段时间last /lɑːstǁlæst/ [intransitive verb]use this to say how long something continues 持续，延续 Mexico achieved a remarkable 8% annual growth rate, but the new prosperity did not last. 墨西哥实现了令人瞩目的8%年增长率，但是新的繁荣并不持久。 Ours was a happy marriage, but I always feared it wouldn't last. 我们的婚姻是幸福的，但我总是担心不会长久。last 2 hours/6 months/a long time etc The whole opera lasts about four hours. 整部歌剧大约要演四小时。 The earthquake lasted 30 seconds and caused 12,000 casualties. 地震持续了30秒钟，造成12，000人伤亡。 The silence in the room seemed to last a very long time before she spoke. 屋子里好像沉默了好长时间她才开口说话。 rainstorms lasting all night long 持续了一整晚的暴雨 Each consultation can last between 10 minutes and half an hour. 每场咨询为十分钟到半小时不等。last for 2 hours/a long time/years etc The performance is expected to last for approximately 3 hours. 这场演出估计约三小时左右。 The effects of Josie's experience could last for years, doctors say. 乔茜的经历要影响她多年，医生是这么说的。last from/until etc The talks lasted until the early hours of the morning. 会谈一直持续到凌晨。 The drug produces a powerful cocaine-type high that lasts for days. 这种毒品能产生强烈的类可卡因兴奋状态，可持续好几天时间。 The Sung dynasty lasted from 960 to 1278. 宋朝始于960年，至1279年结束。last into the 19th century/1980s/next decade etc This phase of the educational campaign lasted into the 1960s. 这一阶段的教育运动持续到了20世纪60年代。last long Analysts are confident the downturn in share prices will not last long. 分析人士很有信心，这次股价下跌不会持久。 It's the worst cold I've ever had, but luckily it didn't last very long. 那是我最厉害的一次感冒，幸好持续的时间不是很长。last forever I wanted the weekend to last forever. 我真希望那个周末永远不会结束。last as long as The pilots say the walkout could last as long as two months. 飞行员说这次罢工可能要持续两个月之久。long-lasting /ˌlɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ◂ǁˌlɔːŋ ˈlæs-/ [adjective] the profound and long-lasting consequences of the war 战争深远和持久的影响take /teɪk/ [transitive verb]use this when you want to say how much time is needed to do something or for something to happen 需要，花费〔多长时间〕take 2 hours/6 months etc The bridge was closed, so the journey took much longer than usual. 桥封闭了，所以路上所花的时间比平时多很多。 Can you give me an idea how long this is going to take? 你可以大概告诉我一下这需要多长时间吗？ It took two years for Eddie to learn how to walk again. 埃迪花了两年时间才重新学会走路。take 2 hours/6 months etc to do The software will take a few minutes to load. 载入这个软件需要几分钟时间。 They're just fun books, they don't take very long to read. 这些只是娱乐性的书，不需要花很长时间就能看完。take somebody 2 hours/6 months etc to do Doing the painting alone will take him all day. 他一个人刷油漆要一整天的时间。it takes (somebody) 2 hours/six months etc to do something It takes me about half an hour to get ready in the mornings. 早上我需要大约半小时做准备。 It didn't take Susie long to find out what was going on between us. 苏茜不久就发现了我们之间的问题。 It took three and a half hours to come back from Swansea. 从斯旺西回来路上花了三个半小时。go on for /ˌgəʊ ˈɒn fɔːʳ/ [transitive phrasal verb]if something, especially something boring or unpleasant,goes on for a particular period of time, that is how long it lasts 〔尤指单调枯燥或令人不悦之事〕持续进行 The chairman's speech went on for what seemed like hours. 主席的发言像是持续了几个小时。 It sounds like the sort of meeting that could go on forever. 这听起来好像是那种没完没了的会议。 It starts at seven, but I don't know how long it goes on for. 这在7点钟开始，但我不知道要进行多长时间。 It was a big lawsuit, and it went on for quite a while. 这是一宗很大的官司，打了很长时间。drag on /ˌdræg ˈɒn/ [intransitive phrasal verb]use this about something that seems to continue for a long time 拖延地进行 The siege dragged on into its second month. 这次围困历时很久，已踏进第二个月。drag on for I can't afford to let the case drag on for months. 我不能让这个案子拖好几个月。run /rʌn/ [intransitive verb]if a play, show, event etc runs for a particular period of time, it continues to be shown or performed for that period of time 〔戏剧、节目等〕连续上演；〔活动等〕连续进行 The Ideal Homes exhibition will run until 6 p.m. each day over the weekend. “理想之家”展览会在周末每天一直开到晚上6点。run for The play ran for two months on Broadway. 这出戏在百老汇连演了两个月。 The media campaign features four commercials that will run for eight weeks. 这次在媒体上的宣传活动将推出四个商业广告，为期八周。 One of the top sit-coms was ‘On the Buses’, which ran for sixty episodes 其中一部最佳情景喜剧是《在巴士上》，演了60集。run and runBritishused in newspapers, magazines etc to say that a play, show etc will be very successful and will be performed for a long time 【英】继续上演〔用于报纸、杂志等〕 This is one that will, I believe, run and run. 我相信这部戏会演了又演。run [countable noun usually singular] The show moves to London's West End after a month's run in Leicester's Gala Theatre. 这个节目在莱斯特大剧院连演一个月之后移师伦敦西区上演。longest-running /ˌlɒŋgɪst ˈrʌnɪŋ◂ , ˌlɒŋgəst ˈrʌnɪŋ◂ ǁˌlɔːŋ-/ [adjective only before noun] Britain's longest-running chart show, Top of the Pops, looks set to close. 英国播出时间最长的排行榜节目《流行音乐榜中榜》看来准备结束了。extend over /ɪkˈstend əʊvəʳ/ [verb phrase]if a process, activity, event etcextends over a long period of time, it continues for that period of time 〔过程、活动、事件等〕持续进行 We had a marathon recording session extending over eighteen hours. 我们进行了一次马拉松式的录音，历时18个小时。 If the investigation is a sustained piece of work extending over a period of weeks, a diary will help to track events. 如果调查是一项长久的工作，要进行好几个星期，那么日记可以帮助把事情记录下来。6 to stay in good condition for a particular period of time 在某一段时间里保持良好的状态last /lɑːstǁlæst/ [intransitive verb]use this about clothes, equipment, furniture etc to say how long they will remain in good condition 〔衣服、设备、家具等〕耐用；持久 Cheap saucepans can't really be expected to last. 便宜的平底锅实在不能指望它耐用。 It's amazing how long this car has lasted, really. 真的很难相信这辆汽车已经用了多久。 You can get washable plastic lace by the yard, which lasts much better than the real thing. 你可以论码买可用水洗的塑料花边，它比真正的花边耐用许多。last (for) 7 years/2 months/a long time etc Some wine-makers will tell you that a cask lasts only for four years. 有些酿酒商会告诉你一个酒桶只能用四年。 When the houses were put up in 1946, they really weren't meant to last more than ten years. 1946年建造这些房子的时候，并没有打算要用十年以上。last (somebody) a lifetimelast a very long time 〔让某人〕用上一辈子 With care, a mahogany dining table will last you a lifetime. 红木餐桌如果小心使用可以用上一辈子。 Well-made golf clubs ought to last a lifetime, so it's worth paying the extra. 好的高尔夫球杆可以用一辈子，所以多花点钱也是值得的。keep /kiːp/ [intransitive verb not in progressive]use this about food or drink to say how long it will remain fresh 〔食物或饮料〕保鲜，可以存放 You'd better eat these cakes today -- they won't keep. 你最好今天就把这些蛋糕吃了—它们放不久。keep for 2 days/24 hours etc The yoghurt will keep for about a week in a refrigerator. 酸奶可以在冰箱里放一个星期左右。keep until/till Do you think this bacon will keep till tomorrow? 你说这块熏猪肉能放到明天吗？keep well Eat celery as soon as possible -- it does not keep well for long periods. 把芹菜尽快吃了一放久了不新鲜。stay fresh /ˌsteɪ ˈfreʃ/ [verb phrase]use this about food or about flowers that have been cut 〔食物或采下的鲜花〕保持新鲜 Homemade bread never stays as fresh as the stuff you buy in the supermarket. 家里做的面包不可能像超市里买的能保持新鲜。stay fresh for 2 weeks/2 days/a long time etc Strain the stock and put in a sealed container. It should stay fresh for up to three days. 把高汤滤出来放在一个密封的容器里，这应该可以保鲜三天。 Bend the stems, as this will make the blooms stay fresh for longer. 把茎压弯，因为这样可以使花的保鲜期更长。7 when a supply of something continues to be enough 某物继续够用last /lɑːstǁlæst/ [intransitive verb]if a supply of somethinglasts for a particular period of time, there continues to be enough of it for someone to use until the end of that period 够用，足够维持last (somebody) two weeks/three days etc He knew they only had enough food to last another three days. 他知道他们的食物只能再维持三天。 $400 won't last you long in Chicago. 400美元在芝加哥用不了多长时间。make something last /ˌmeɪk something ˈlɑːstǁ-ˈlæst/ [verb phrase]to use a supply of something carefully so that it is not all used quickly 使某物经用 I sent my sister $500, with some advice on how to make it last. 我给妹妹寄了500美元，并附了一些建议，告诉她钱怎么花才经用。make something last longer/a long time etc You can add ice or additional mixer to alcoholic drinks make them last longer. 酒精饮料加冰或加别的调酒饮料可以喝得更久一些。 One group delayed spending the grant in order to make its funds last as long as possible. 有一个组没有立即动用拨款，他们想尽量让经费维持更长的时间。 She only had a small amount of food left, and knew she'd have to make it last the week. 她只剩下很少的一些食物了，她知道这个星期只能靠这些来维持了。eke out /ˌiːk ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to make a small amount of something such as food or money last longer, by carefully using only very small amounts of it -- used especially in literature 精打细算地使用〔少量的钱或食物；尤用于文学作品〕eke out something Dealers are mixing the drug with heroin and cocaine to eke out their supplies. 毒贩在这种毒品中掺入海洛因和可卡因，这使他们的毒品供应可以持久。 She lived on a shoestring during these years, eking out the pennies as best she could. 这些年她就靠一点点钱生活，因此花钱尽量精打细算。eke something out I'm not ashamed to eke food out. 吃省一点，我并不觉得丢脸。