JUDGE1 to decide how good, bad etc someone or something is2 to decide who is the winner in a game, competition etc3 to decide whether someone is wrong to do something4 to decide who is right in a quarrel5 to write your opinion of a new film, book etc6 someone's ability to judge people or things7 a standard by which something is judgedRELATED WORDSbe judged in a court of law 在法庭受审COURT/TRIALsee alsoCRITICIZEOPINIONDECIDEACCUSECRIME1 to decide how good, bad etc someone or something is 判断某人或某事的好、坏等judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [transitive verb]to form an opinion about a person or situation, using your knowledge, experience, and intelligence 判断〔某人或某种情形〕；认为 The changes should be judged by their results. 这些变革应以其结果为评判依据。judge when/whether/what etc How do you judge when a house needs a new roof? 你是如何判断房屋何时需要翻新屋顶的呢？ 2,000 foreign and local monitors were watching to judge whether the elections were free and fair. 2,000名来自国外及当地的监督员正进行观察，以判断此次大选是否自由和公正。judge somebody/something to be something Women judged to be at high risk for breast cancer should be examined every year. 被认为属于乳癌高危人群的妇女应该每年检查一次。judging from/by somethingwhen you form an opinion based on a particular fact 从某事来判断 Judging from Monday night's game, the team still has a lot of work to do. 从周一晚的那场比赛来看，这支球队还有很多地方需要改进。judge (that) Some students may judge that the benefits they receive from further education are less than the costs of that education. 有些学生也许会认为进修教育给他们带来的益处不及他们要支付的学费。judge it wise/proper/dangerous etc to do somethingformal Dwight judged it dangerous to navigate in darkness in these waters. 德怀特认为黑夜里在这些水域航行很危险。assess /əˈses/ [transitive verb]to consider someone's work, ideas, or products, or to consider a situation or event, in order to judge how good they are, what standard they have reached, or how useful they might be to you 评价〔某人作品、想法或产品〕；评估〔形势或事件〕 This test provides an excellent way of assessing students’ progress. 这项测试为评估学生的进度提供了一套非常有效的方法。 He has written a guidebook that assesses the quality of Californian hotels. 他写了一本导游手册，对加利福尼亚的旅馆作了评价。 The booklet aims to help parents assess recent educational changes. 这本小册子旨在帮助家长评价近期的教育改革。assess how/whether/what etc The committee will continue to assess how we can improve. 委员会将继续评估我们可以如何改进。assessment [countable noun] The final chapter gives an assessment of various ideas and theories. 最后一个章节对各种不同的观点和理论作了评述。evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ [transitive verb]to carefully consider how useful or valuable an activity, plan, or suggestion is, especially in order to decide whether or not to start doing it or continue doing it 评价；评估〔活动、计划或建议，尤指为了决定是否可以开始或继续进行〕 There was not enough time to evaluate the information before the meeting. 会议举行前没有足够时间对这些资料进行评估。 The new drug is being evaluated in clinical trials. 这种新药正在进行临床试验阶段的评估。 The police force should not evaluate officers’ performance in terms of the number of arrests they make. 警方不应以警员拘捕了多少人去评估他们的表现。evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ [countable/uncountable noun] Students provide the college with an evaluation of the courses they took at the end of each semester. 每个学期末，学生都会向学校提供他们对所选修的课程的评价。critique /krɪˈtɪːk/ [countable noun]an article, book, speech etc that carefully examines a subject and says what is good or bad about it 评论文章；评论 The speech was a devastating critique of Reagan's economic policy. 这次演说是对里根的经济政策的猛烈抨击。 Marx's critique of capitalism in the 19th century 19世纪时马克思对资本主义的评论2 to decide who is the winner in a game, competition etc 决定比赛、竞赛等中谁人胜出judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [transitive verb] Dillon and two other writers judged the poetry contest. 狄龙与另外两位作家在诗歌比赛中当评判。 Pupils were judged in two categories: age 6 to 8, and age 9 to 12. 学生被分成两组进行评判：6到8岁以及9到12岁。 The annual flower show was judged by a TV celebrity and a professional horticulturist. 一年一度的花卉展由一位电视名人和一位专业园艺师担任评委。be judged the best/the winner etc A photograph of a stormy beach was judged ‘best in show’ by the panel. 一幅拍摄暴风雨中的海滩的照片被评审委员会评为“最佳展品”。judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [countable noun]someone whose job is tojudge a game, competition etc 〔比赛的〕评判，裁判 There are normally three judges for the national essay competition. 全国散文比赛通常有三位评判。refereealsorefinformal /ˌrefəˈriː, ref/ [countable noun]someone whose job is to judge a sports game and make sure that the players obey the rules - for example in football 〔体育比赛的〕裁判〔员〕〔如足球比赛〕 The referee should never have allowed the first goal. 那名裁判决不应判第一个进球有效。 One of the players was sent off for arguing with the referee. 有一名球员因与裁判争执被罚出场。umpire /ˈʌmpaɪəʳ/ [countable noun]someone whose job is to judge a sports game and make sure that the players obey the rules - for example in football and tennis 〔体育比赛的〕裁判〔员〕〔如足球和网球比赛〕 I thought he was out, but the umpire called him safe. 我以为他出局了，可裁判却判他安全上垒。 Mack was thrown out of the game for hitting an umpire. 麦克因殴打裁判被取消了比赛资格。3 to decide whether someone is wrong to do something 评判某人做某事是否有错judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to decide whether someone is wrong to do something - use this when you think someone has no right to do this 〔对…〕作出评价；批评〔认为某人无权这么做时使用〕 What right does she have to judge me? 她有什么资格对我评头论足? Don't judge other people unless you want to be judged yourself. 别去批评别人，除非你自己也想被人批评。 She should do what seems right to her. It isn't for me to judge. 她应该去做她认为正当的事，我无权评判。pass judgmentalsojudgementBritish /ˌpɑːs ˈdʒʌdʒməntǁˌpæs-/ [verb phrase]to judge something or someone in a negative and often unreasonable way 作出〔负面的、常不合理的〕评论〔批评评 He refused to pass judgement until all the evidence was presented. 在所有证据被呈上之前，他不肯作出评论。pass judgment upon/on Society badly needs to learn not to pass judgment on people because of their background. 社会极需学习不以人的出身背景去批判别人。sit in judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt, ˌsɪt ɪn ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ [verb phrase]Britishto judge whether someone's behaviour is good or bad - use this especially when you think someone should not be doing this 【英】对〔某人的行为〕作出批评〔尤用于认为某人不应这么做〕 I don't care how annoyed she is - she's got no absolutely no right to sit in judgement. 我不管她有多生气，她根本没有权利作出批评。sit in judgement on/upon/over It seems wrong that 12 white men could sit in judgment on one black woman. 由12个白人男人来对一个黑人妇女作出裁判似乎并不恰当。judgementalBritish/judgmentalAmerican /dʒʌdʒˌmentl/ [adjective]too ready to judge and criticize other people 爱评头品足的，爱批评的 I try not to be judgmental, but if I think someone's being stupid, I'll say so. 我尽量不想评头论足，但要是我认为某个人很愚蠢，我会直说的。！ The parenting class is run in an open, non-judgmental manner that lets people speak freely. 家长育儿指导班的教学方式是开放式的，不加批判的，让大家自由发言。judgemental about The public is often judgmental about people's sexuality. 公众常常对别人在性方面的问题指指点点。4 to decide who is right in a quarrel 判定在某次争执中谁是对的adjudicate /əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt/ [intransitive verb]formalif someone, especially a lawyer,adjudicates, they officially form a judgement about who is legally right in an argument or disagreement 【正式】〔尤指律师〕裁决；裁定 The World Court adjudicates boundary disputes and commercial claims. 国际法庭负责裁决国界争端和商业索赔。adjudicator [countable noun] Legal advisors and adjudicators were present at the trial. 法律顾问和审判员出席审讯。adjudication /əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] The situation has now become so serious that any form of adjudication would be impossible. 情况现已变得非常严重，任何形式的裁决都已不可能。arbitrate /ˈɑːʳbɪtreɪt, ˈɑːʳbətreɪt/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to officially judge how an argument between two opposing groups or organizations can be settled 仲裁；公断 As president of the European Council he arbitrated in an argument over cereal prices. 作为欧洲议会的议长，他在谷物价格的争论中作出了仲裁。 Most brokerage firms require customers to arbitrate disputes rather than file lawsuits. 大多数经纪行都要求客户通过仲裁而非法律起诉来解决争端。arbitrate between A local magistrate has been asked to arbitrate between farmers and conservationist groups. 一位地方法官被请去在农民和环保组织之间进行仲裁。arbitrator [countable noun] She works as an arbitrator between representatives of various competing businesses. 她在各家相互竞争的公司的代表之间担任仲裁人。arbitration /ˌɑːʳbɪˈtreɪʃən, ˌɑːʳbəˈtreɪʃən/ [uncountable noun]the process of judging officially who is right in an argument or disagreement, by someone who has been chosen by the opposing groups 仲裁；公断 The case has been submitted for international arbitration. 此个案已提请国际仲裁。go to arbitrationask someone to arbitrate 提请仲裁 Both parties agreed to go to arbitration in order to avoid more strikes by the workers. 为了避免工人再度罢工，双方同意提请仲裁。5 to write your opinion of a new film, book etc 写出你对新影片、新书等的看法review /rɪˈvjuː/ [transitive verb]to write an article in a newspaper or magazine judging how good or bad a film, play, television programme, or book is 〔在报刊上〕给〔电影、戏剧、电视节目或书籍〕写评论 Doig's new book is reviewed on page 4. 多伊格的新书的书评在第四页。 As well as being an author, she reviews books for the Sunday papers. 她不仅是位作家，而且还为周日的报纸写书评。 Eliot wrote to him after he reviewed ‘The Use of Poetry.’ 他对《诗歌的作用》发表了评论之后，艾略特给他写了封信。reviewer [countable noun] Reviewers praised Tisler's performance. 评论家对蒂斯勒的表演大加赞赏。review /rɪˈvjuː/ [countable noun]an article in a newspaper or magazine that judges a book, television programme, film etc 〔报刊上的〕评论文章；书评；剧评；影评 Our first English assignment was to write a book review. 我们的第一份英文作业是写一篇书评。 The movie got good reviews. 这部影片备受好评。review of Wilberforce had just written a long review of Darwin's book. 威尔伯福斯刚刚给达尔文的书写了一篇很长的评论文章。write-up /ˈraɪt ʌp/ [countable noun]informalan article in a newspaper or magazine, that says how good or bad a new film, book, product etc is 【非正式】〔报刊上对新电影、新书、新产品等的〕评论〔文章〕 Did you see Martin Amis’ write-up of the book in the Observer? 你读过马丁·埃米斯在《观察家报》上对该书的评论了吗? After a write-up in Yankee magazine, orders started pouring in. 《洋基人》杂志上刊出了一篇评论之后，订单就开始纷纷而至。 The film didn't get a very good write-up in Time Out. 这部影片在《闲暇》杂志上未获好评。critic /ˈkrɪtɪk/ [countable noun]someone who writes in newspapers or magazines or on television or radio, giving their judgement about books, films etc 评论家，批评家 I didn't think the book was as bad as the critics said it was. 我觉得此书不像评论家所说的那么差。theatre/film/art etc critic For five years she was theater critic for the New Yorker. 她为《纽约客》写了五年的戏剧评论。 Film critic Roger Ebert has a new partner for his movie-review television program. 影评家罗杰·埃伯特为他的影评电视节目找到了一位新搭档。6 someone's ability to judge people or things 某人对人或事物的评判能力judgmentalsojudgementBritish /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ [uncountable noun] The break-up of a serious relationship can often make us lose confidence in our own judgement. 一段真心实意的关系的破裂常常会使我们对自己的判断力失去信心。 Teachers need to have good judgement of pupils’ needs and abilities. 教师对学生的需要和能力要具备良好的判断力。sound judgementgood judgement 良好的判断力 Environmental rules are developed using good information and sound judgment. 利用实用的资料以及良好的判断力制订出了环境保护规定。be a good/bad etc judge of /biː ə ˌgʊd ˈdʒʌdʒ ɒv/ [verb phrase]be able to judge people or situations well, badly etc 对〔人或形势〕判断力很好/很差等 She'd always thought Mr Cunningham was a good judge of character. 她一直认为坎宁安先生很善于鉴别人的性格。 Professional people are sometimes bad judges of their colleagues’ conduct. 专业人士有时对同事的行为操守不能作出准确的判断。7 a standard by which something is judged 评判某事物的标准standard /ˈstændəʳd/ [countable noun]a level of quality, skill, achievement etc by which something is judged 〔评判事物的〕标准 Shakespeare is the standard against which all playwrights must be measured. 莎士比亚是必然会用以衡量所有剧作家的标准。 Many Europeans who consider themselves to be poor are rich by the standards of some Third World countries. 许多认为自己贫穷的欧洲人用部分第三世界国家的标准来衡量都是富人。scale /skeɪl/ [countable noun]a set of standards, levels, or degrees against which you can compare and judge things 等级，级别 On a scale of one to ten, ten being best, his new movie is a two. 按一级到十级的标准，十级为最佳的等级，他的新影片属于二级。 The researchers devised a scale to measure people's attitudes toward certain types of behavior. 研究员设计了一套等级标准来衡量人们对某类行为的态度。criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ [countable noun]a standard you use in order to judge people or things, especially one that may be different from the standard used by other people or organizations 〔评判人或事物的〕标准，准则〔尤指与别人或别家机构不同的准则〕 The company's criterion for success is high sales. 这家公司对成功的评判标准是销售量大。 Changing the college admissions criteria will have a serious effect. 改变大学的入学标准将产生重大的影响。set of criteriagroup of standards 一系列标准 The group ranks cities according to its own set of criteria. 该团体以自己的一套标准来给城市分等级。>The plural ofcriterioniscriteria.benchmark /ˈbentʃmɑːʳk/ [countable noun usually singular]a very high standard of quality, achievement, or excellence, against which all other things have to be compared and judged 基准〔用以比较和评定所有其他事物〕 Under Coach Wooden, UCLA men's basketball was so successful it was the benchmark other teams measured themselves against. 在伍登教练的带领下，加州大学洛杉矶分校的男子篮球队非常成功，以至于成为其他篮球队的衡量基准。benchmark for In the 1960s and 1970s the Swedish political system was regarded as a benchmark for other European countries. 在20世纪60至70年代，瑞典的政治体制被视为其他欧洲国家的基准。yardstick /ˈjɑːʳdˌstɪk/ [countable noun usually singular]a person or thing that you compare another person or thing with, in order to judge how good or successful they are 衡量标准；评判尺度 Many teachers say the primary school tests are not a useful educational yardstick. 许多教师都说小学测验不是衡量教育水平的有效标准。yardstick for The hospital has developed a treatment for cancer which has become the yardstick for all other treatments. 这家医院开发出一套治疗癌症的方法，这方法已经成了衡量其他治疗方法好坏的标准了。