HARD1 when something does not change its shape or bend2 food3 to become hard or make something hardRELATED WORDSoppositeSOFThard to do or understand 难做或难以理解的DIFFICULThaving no sympathy 没有同情心的UNKINDtreating someone strictly 严格对待某人STRICT/NOT STRICT1 when something does not change its shape or bend 某物不易改变形状或不易弯曲hard /hɑːʳd/ [adjective] That night I had to sleep on a hard stone floor. 那天晚上，我得睡在硬邦邦的石地板上。 I wish this chair wasn't so hard and uncomfortable. 我真希望这椅子不是那么硬，那么不舒服。 Diamond is probably the hardest substance known to man. 钻石可能是人类已知的最坚硬的物质。 As people age, their skin becomes harder and less supple. 人老了，皮肤就会变硬，弹性也差了。rock- hardvery hard 非常坚硬的 After several weeks without rain, the ground was rock-hard. 连续数周无雨，地面如石头般坚硬。as hard as something A tiled floor in the kitchen is as hard as stone, and very cold beneath your feet. 厨房里铺地砖的地面硬得犹如石头，踩在脚下非常冷。hardness [uncountable noun] The hardness of limestone varies depending on the area in which it is found. 石灰岩的硬度因产地而异。solid /ˈsɒlɪd, ˈsɒlədǁˈsɑː-/ [adjective]something that issolid is made of thick hard material, is not hollow, and is difficult to damage or break 实心的；坚硬的 The door was made of solid steel. 门是用实心钢板做的。 During winter the lake became a solid block of ice. 冬天里，湖面上结了一层厚实的冰。firm /fɜːʳm/ [adjective]something that isfirm is not completely hard, but does not change shape much when you press it - use this about things that are sometimes soft, for example fruit, muscles, or the ground 坚实的〔用于指不完全硬，但按压时不会变形的东西，如水果、肌肉或地面〕 I find I sleep better on a firm mattress. 我发现自己在硬的垫子上睡得更好。 These exercises are good for making your stomach muscles nice and firm. 这些运动有助于使你的腹部肌肉紧实起来。stiff /stɪf/ [adjective]something that isstiff keeps its shape and is not easy to bend 硬的；僵硬的 To make the picture, you will need a sheet of stiff card. 做这种画需要一张硬卡纸。 The collar of his shirt felt stiff and uncomfortable. 他的衬衣领子摸上去又硬又不舒服。go stiffBritish The sheets outside on the washing line had gone stiff in the frost. 晾在外面晾衣绳上的被单被霜冻得硬绷绷的。rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd, ˈrɪdʒəd/ [adjective]a material that isrigid is difficult or impossible to bend, and is often used to support something else 坚固的，坚硬的〔常用于支撑某物〕 The tent is made of strong canvas attached to a rigid frame. 帐篷是用结实的帆布系在坚固的支架上搭起来的。 Spoon the ice-cream into a rigid plastic container and freeze. 把冰淇淋舀入硬的塑料容器里冷冻。2 food 食物hard /hɑːʳd/ [adjective]food that ishard is difficult to bite through and not nice to eat 〔食物〕坚硬的 I've cooked the potatoes for half an hour but they still seem a bit hard. 这些马铃薯我煮了半个小时，但好像还是有点硬。 That candy was so hard I nearly broke a tooth. 那糖太硬了，我差点把牙齿嗑坏。go hard Keep the cake in a tin, to prevent it from going hard. 把蛋糕放在金属盒子里，免得变硬。tough /tʌf/ [adjective]food, especially meat, that istough is difficult to cut or eat, for example because it is too old or has been cooked for too long 〔尤指肉〕坚韧的；硬的，老的 The chicken was very tough, as though it had not been freshly cooked that day. 鸡肉非常老，好像不是当天新鲜烧的。 You can throw away the tough outer leaves of the cabbage. 你可以把卷心菜外面老的叶子扔掉。crunchy /ˈkrʌntʃi/ [adjective]food that iscrunchy is firm and fresh, and makes a noise when you bite it 脆的 Children love crunchy breakfast cereals and they're full of vitamins too. 儿童喜欢吃脆脆的谷物早餐，维生素也多。 For lunch I usually have something simple, with a fresh crunchy salad. 我午餐一般吃得很简单，就一个新鲜脆口的沙拉。crisp/crispy /krɪsp, ˈkrɪspi/ [adjective]food, especially fruit or vegetables, that iscrisp is firm and fresh, or has been cooked until it is quite hard and slightly brown 〔尤指水果或蔬菜〕松脆的 a delicious crisp green apple 爽口鲜脆的青苹果 You can serve the chicken with a crispy stir fry of mixed vegetables. 鸡肉可以配一道松脆的杂炒蔬菜。 Bake the pastry at 180 for about twenty minutes until crisp and golden. 用180度的火把面团烘烤20分钟，直到松脆呈金黄色。firm /fɜːʳm/ [adjective]fruit or vegetables that arefirm are not soft when you press them 〔水果或蔬菜〕硬实的 Buy peaches that are quite firm, as they ripen very quickly indoors. 桃子要买硬实的，它们在室内熟得很快。 For this recipe you will need six firm tomatoes. 做这道菜需要六个硬实的番茄。3 to become hard or make something hard 变硬或使某物变硬harden /ˈhɑːʳdn/ [intransitive/transitive verb] The glue needs about 24 hours to harden. 这种胶水要24小时左右才能干透。 Steel is hardened by heating it to a very high temperature. 钢用非常高的温度加热后变坚硬。harden into/to Much of the mountain consists of volcanic ash, long since hardened to jagged rock. 山上多处地方是火山灰，久而久之变硬形成了嶙峋的岩石。solidify /səˈlɪdɪfaɪ, səˈlɪdəfaɪ/ [intransitive verb]if a liquid such as melted metal or waxsolidifies, it becomes hard 〔液体〕变成固体，凝固，变硬 Tools are made by pouring liquid metal into a mould and allowing it to cool and solidify. 工具是把金属熔液注入模具，让它冷却凝固后制成的。 As the lava flowed down the volcano it solidified, forming strange shapes. 岩浆从火山上流下时，凝固成各种各样的奇形怪状。set /set/ [intransitive verb]if a liquid substancesets, it becomes harder - use this to talk about something that slowly becomes harder after it is mixed with water, for example, food or building materials 〔液体等物质〕凝固，凝结〔如食物或建筑材料〕 Put the jelly in the fridge for an hour to set. 把果冻置于冰箱内放一小时让其凝结。 The concrete will take several hours to set, so make sure no one walks on it. 混凝土需要几个小时凝固，所以不要让人在上面走。freeze /friːz/ [intransitive verb]if a liquidfreezes, it becomes hard because it has become very cold 〔液体〕结冰，冻结 The water in the lake used to freeze most winters, and then it was good for skating. 以前湖水在冬天大都要结冰，那时候就可以溜冰了。be frozen solid Hey! The milk's frozen solid! 嗨！牛奶都冻成固体了！stiffen /ˈstɪfən/ [transitive verb]to make something stiffer and harder 使变硬，使坚挺 Point your toes and stiffen the muscles in your legs. 伸直脚趾，绷紧腿部肌肉。 You can stiffen curtain fabric by using a special liquid solution. 可以用一种特殊的浆液浆洗窗帘面料。