GOVERNMENT1 the people who govern a country2 the most powerful people in a government3 the people who make the country's laws4 a government that controls people's lives too much5 different systems of government6 part of a government that deals with health, education etc7 to govern a country8 the way a country is governedRELATED WORDSwhen governments use film, newspapers etc to persuade people 政府利用电影、报纸等说服人们PERSUADE (5)get rid of a leader or government 推翻一个领导人或政府GET RID OFto stop opposition to a government 阻止反对政府STOPsee alsoPOLITICSVOTEREPRESENTCOUNTRYPUBLIC SERVICESPROTESTSTRIKEPOWER/POWERFULOFFICIALREBELLION/REVOLUTIONSPY1 the people who govern a country 治理国家的人government /ˈgʌvəmənt, ˈgʌvənməntǁˈgʌvərn-/ [countable noun with singular or plural verb in British English]the people who govern a country, state, or local area, and who make all the important decisions about taxes, laws, relationships with other countries etc 政府 The government has promised to cut taxes. 政府已承诺减税。 Unemployment is a problem that many Western governments continue to face. 失业是许多西方政府继续要面对的一个问题。government of the city government of Los Angeles 洛杉矶市政府 The newspaper, La Prensa, was shut down for nearly two years because of its criticism of government policies. 《新闻报》这份报纸因为批评政府的政策被关闭了将近两年。the French/Japanese/Russian etc government The French government strongly condemned the killings. 法国政府强烈谴责这些杀害行为。local/central/federal etc governmentthe government of a town or city, or a country 当地/中央/联邦等政府 The local government has been unable to meet the demand for affordable housing. 当地政府无法满足民众对于负担得起的住房的需求。 It has been difficult for the central government to conduct elections in remote areas. 中央政府在偏远地区难以实行选举。administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ədˌmɪnəˈstreɪʃən/ [countable noun]the government of a country - use this especially to talk about the national government of the United States 政府〔尤指美国的国家政府〕the administration The new administration has been strongly criticized for its handling of the affair. 新政府在这件事情的处理上受到了强烈的批评。 The administration also proposed $600 million in tax breaks for small businesses. 政府还提议给小企业减税六亿美元。the Kennedy/Clinton etc administrationthe government when this person is president 肯尼迪/克林顿等政府 The Eisenhower administration refused to take military action in Vietnam. 艾森豪威尔政府拒绝对越南采取军事行动。the authorities /ði ɔːˈθɒrtiːzǁ-əˈθɔːr-/ [plural noun]the people or organizations that have the power to decide what people are allowed to do in a country or area 〔国家或地区的〕当局；官方；当权者 The country is facing famine, and the authorities are doing little to prevent it. 国家面临着饥荒，而当局却几乎不采取任何预防措施。the South African/Mexican/Swiss etc authorities The South African authorities arrested Mandela in August 1962. 1962年8月，南非当局逮捕了曼德拉。local/federal authoritiesthe authorities in a community, town or city, or in a whole country 地方/联邦当局 On January 12, the local authorities decided that the strike had gone on long enough. 1月12日，地方当局作出决定，认为这次罢工时间已经够长了。 Federal authorities said that no one has claimed responsibility for the bombing as of yet. 联邦当局说至今还无人声称对这次爆炸事件负责。the state /ðə ˈsteɪt/ [singular noun]the government, the police, the courts etc, considered as a single group that has the power to control what people do 国家，政府 At that time, the state controlled nearly every aspect of people's lives. 那个时候，国家几乎控制了人民生活的各个方面。 The programs are funded by the state. 这些计划由政府出资。state-runowned and controlled by the state 国营的 CBC, the state-run broadcasting company 加拿大广播公司，国营的广播公司the powers that be /ðə ˌpaʊəʳz ðət ˈbiː/ [noun phrase]informalthe people in government responsible for making decisions - use this especially if you think that they have too much power or that they use their power badly 【非正式】掌权者；当权派〔尤指其权力过大或滥用职权〕 The powers that be do not seem interested in solving the city's transportation problems. 那些掌权的好像无意去解决城市的交通问题。regime /reɪˈʒiːm/ [countable noun]the group of people who are in charge of the government of a country - use this especially about a government you disapprove of because it was not elected to power 政府，政权〔尤用于指不是民选产生因而你不支持的政府〕 The military regime refused to recognize the elections. 军政府拒绝承认这些选举。 The US supported several right-wing regimes in central America. 美国支持中美洲的几个右翼政权。2 the most powerful people in a government 在政府中权力最大的人leadership /ˈliːdəʳʃɪp/ []the leader of a government and the other people in high positions of power 领导人员；领导层；领导权leadership of He will challenge Sinclair for the leadership of the Liberal Party. 他将挑战辛克莱在自由党中的领导地位。 The collapse of European communism in the late 1980s shocked the Chinese leadership. 经济崩溃震惊了领导层。under the leadership of somebody/something Under the leadership of the Conservative Party, the gap between the rich and the poor widened considerably. 在保守党的领导之下，贫富差距显著加大。cabinet /ˈkæbɪnət, ˈkæbənət/ [countable noun with singular or plural verb in British English]the group of important politicians who run the different departments in a government, for example education, health etc, and advise the leader of the government 〔政府〕内阁 The Prime Minister has offered Stroud a position in the cabinet. 首相请斯特劳德加入内阁。cabinet ministerone of the politicians in the cabinet 内阁成员 The spy scandal involved two cabinet ministers and several civil servants. 间谍丑闻牵涉到两位内阁成员和几名公务员。cabinet meetinga meeting when the cabinet discusses something 内阁会议 The cabinet meeting broke up after four-and-a-half hours. 内阁会议开了四个半小时之后不欢而散。executive /ɪgˈzekjɑtɪv/ [singular noun]the part of a government that approves decisions and laws and is responsible for making them work 〔政府的〕行政部门the executive In theory, the civil service is the non-political arm of the executive. 从理论上讲，文职部门是政府行政机关的非政治性职能部门。 Power is shared between three main branches of government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. 政府的三个主要部门共享权力，即行政机关、立法机关和司法机关。3 the people who make the country's laws 制定国家法律的人parliament /ˈpɑːʳləmənt/ [countable noun]the group of people who are elected to make a country's laws 议会，国会 During his 28 years in Parliament, the 59-year-old Chuan has been untainted by corruption. 在议会供职的28年里，59岁的川没有沾上一点腐败风气。 New budget measures were approved Tuesday by the Russian parliament. 新的预算案于星期二得到了俄罗斯议会的批准。 Elections for the European parliament are set for late next year. 欧洲议会的选举定于明年稍后时候进行。Senate /ˈsenɪt, ˈsenət/ [singular noun]the smaller and more important of the two parts of the parliament of the USA 〔美国的〕参议院 Bradley was elected to the Senate in 1978. 布拉德利于1978年当选，进了参议院。 If approved by the Senate, the bill would make it harder to purchase handguns. 这个议案如果得到参议院通过，购买手枪就会更加困难。Congress /ˈkɒŋgresǁˈkɑːŋ-/ [uncountable noun]the group of people elected to make laws in the US, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives 〔美国的〕国会 Hirsch doubts Congress will accept the president's proposal. 赫希怀疑国会是否会接受总统的提议。 Congress rejected a measure that would make it easier for low-income workers to get health insurance. 国会拒绝了可方便低收入工人获得健康保险的一项议案。4 a government that controls people's lives too much 对人民的生活控制得太多的政府dictatorship /dɪkˈteɪtərʃɪp/ [countable noun]a government in which one person or group has total power and uses it unfairly and cruelly 独裁政府；专政 In 1971, the country's 10 year military dictatorship came to an end. 1971年，统治该国达十年之久的军事独裁政府垮台了。 Ethiopia's dictatorship was toppled by Eritrean and Ethiopian rebels. 埃塞俄比亚的独裁政府被厄立特里亚和埃塞俄比亚的反叛分子颠覆了。 How do we explain the rise in European dictatorship in the 1930s? 我们如何解释20世纪30年代欧洲独裁统治的兴起？police state /pəˈliːs ˌsteɪt/ [countable noun]a country where the police and other people who work for the government have too much power and control people's lives too much 警察国家 The country is a police state and the media is controlled by the government. 这是一个警察国家，媒体由政府控制。 ‘Do you want a free society or a police state?’ Stark asked the crowd of about 2,000 people. “你们要的是一个自由社会还是警察国家？”斯塔克问这个有2,000人左右的人群。 The Home Secretary denied that the introduction of identity cards would lead to a police state. 内政大臣否认推行身份证会使国家变成一个警察国家。junta /ˈdʒʌntə, ˈhʊntə/ [countable noun]a government run by a small group of army officers who have not been elected but have taken power by force 〔靠武力夺权的〕军政府 All the opponents of the junta have been murdered or imprisoned. 军政府的所有反对者不是遭到谋杀就是被监禁了起来。military junta The country was ruled by a military junta from 1974 until 1982. 这个国家从1974年到1982年由一个军政府统治。tyranny /ˈtɪrəni/ [countable/uncountable noun]writtena situation in which a government, especially an illegal one, rules unfairly and cruelly 【书面】〔尤指不合法的〕专制统治，暴政 Any political system that refuses to allow people to protest becomes a tyranny. 不允许人民提出抗议的任何政治制度都会变成暴政统治。 the extraordinary struggle against tyranny in South Africa 反对南非暴政的不平凡的斗争totalitarian /təʊˌtælɪˈteəriən, təʊˌtæləˈteəriən/ [adjective usually before noun]atotalitarian country or system of government is one in which the government controls every part of people's lives and there is no freedom 极权主义的 A totalitarian state must maintain complete control of the press. 极权国家必须完全控制新闻。 The country held its first elections after 40 years of totalitarian rule. 这个国家经过40年的极权统治后举行了第一次选举。 The minister called the secret police ‘a product and a tool of the old totalitarian regime’. 部长称秘密警察是“旧的极权政府的产物和工具”。oppressive /əˈpresɪv/ [adjective usually before noun]anoppressive government treats people in a cruel way, using military force to prevent any opposition 暴虐的〔以武力防止任何反对意见〕 the oppressive rule of Ceaucescu in Romania A poor, uneducated people does not have the willpower or knowledge to challenge an oppressive government. 一个贫穷、缺少教育的民族没有意志，也不知道如何去反抗一个暴虐的政府。5 different systems of government 不同的政府制度democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsiǁdɪˈmɑː-/ [uncountable noun]a system of government in which everyone in the country can vote to choose the government and has the freedom to oppose it, to protest against it etc 民主；民主政治；民主政体 In 1974, democracy returned to Greece after seven years of military rule. 1974年，希腊在经历了七年的军事统治之后，又重新获得了民主。 Adolfo Suarez supervised Spain's transition to democracy in the 1970s. 20世纪70年代，阿道夫·苏亚雷斯监督了西班牙向民主的过渡。democracy [countable noun]a country in which the people vote to choose the government: 民主国家 Costa Rica is a democracy. 哥斯达黎加是一个民主国家。 the democracies of Western Europe 西欧的民主国家democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk◂/ [adjective]ademocratic country, government, or political system is one in which the people vote to choose the government 民主的〔国家、政府或政治体制〕 Costa Rica is often mentioned as an example of what countries can accomplish under stable, democratic governments. 说到一个国家在稳定、民主的政府领导之下可以成就多少事业，经常都是拿哥斯达黎加作为例子。 The Communist Party was voted out of power in the nation's first democratic elections in decades. 在这个国家数十年以来的第一次民主选举中，该党落选下了台。 Open, free, and fair elections are the most basic element of the democratic process. 公开、自由和公平的选举是民主进程中最基本的要素。republic /rɪˈpʌblɪk/ [countable noun]a country whose leader is a president, not a king or queen 共和国 the French Republic 法兰西共和国 Moldavia, a republic of more than 4 million people, borders Romania. 摩尔达维亚，一个有四百多万人口的共和国，与罗马尼亚接壤。republic of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国monarchy /ˈmɒnəʳkiǁˈmɑː-/ [countable/uncountable noun]a system of government in a country that has a king or queen, or the members of a royal family in that country 君主政体，君主制；皇室，王族 Many people in Britain think the country no longer needs a monarchy. 英国有许多人认为英国不再需要君主制了。 The US has close ties with the Saudi monarchy. 美国与沙特王族关系密切。absolute monarchya monarchy with complete power 君主专制 At that time, Nepal was transformed from an absolute monarchy into a multi-party democracy. 当时，尼泊尔由一个专制的君主国转型为一个多党的民主国家。6 part of a government that deals with health, education etc 处理卫生、教育等事务的政府部门department /dɪˈpɑːʳtmənt/ [countable noun]one of the separate parts of a government, that is responsible for a particular part of government activity, for example health, education, or defence 〔政府的〕部门the Department of Education/Health/Transport etcBritish Ellison is now head of the Department of Education. 埃利森现在是教育部长。the Defense/Justice/Treasury DepartmentAmerican At that time, Robert Kennedy was head of the Justice Department. 当时，罗伯特·肯尼迪是司法部长。7 to govern a country 治理一个国家govern /ˈgʌvəʳn/ [intransitive/transitive verb]if a political party or groupgoverns a country, its members make all the important decisions about laws, taxes, relationships with other countries etc 统治；治理 The former Chancellor questioned the Prime Minister's ability to govern. 这位前财政大臣对首相的治国能力提出了质疑。 The PRI party has governed the country for more than seventy years. 革命制度党统治这个国家有七十多年了。governing partythe political party that is governing a country 执政党 The governing party controls two-thirds of the parliament. 执政党控制了议会的三分之二。run /rʌn/ [transitive verb]to control a country - use this also about a powerful person or group that controls a country but has not been elected 管理，控制〔也用于指非民选的个人或组织控制一个国家〕 Who's running this country, the government or the trade unions? 这个国家由谁控制，政府还是工会？ The revolutionary council ran the country until democratic elections were held. 举行民主选举之前革命委员会控制着这个国家。 The country is being run by an interim prime minister, Jean-Claude Cousin. 该国正由临时首相琼一克劳德·卡曾管理。rule /ruːl/ [transitive verb]if a king, queen, military leader, or a foreign governmentrules a country, they have official power over it 统治〔指君王、军事领袖或外国政府统治一个国家〕 Marcos ruled the Philippines for 20 years. 马科斯统治了菲律宾20年。 India was ruled by the British for a very long time. 印度被英国统治了很长时间。rule [uncountable noun]when a country is ruled by a king or queen, a military leader or a foreign government: 统治 For many years Algeria was under French rule. 阿尔及利亚被法国统治了多年。be in power /biː ɪn ˈpaʊəʳ/ [verb phrase]if a political party or a leaderis in power at a particular time, they are the government or leader of a country at that time 掌权；执政 Castro has been in power for more than 30 years. 卡斯特罗已经执政三十多年了。 Taxes were higher when the Democrats were in power. 民主党执政的时候赋税高一些。be in government /biː ɪn ˈgʌvəməntǁ-vərn-/ [verb phrase]especially Britishif a political partyis in government, it has been elected to govern the country 【尤英】〔政党〕执政；统治 The Liberal Democrats have been in government for five years now. 自由民主党现在已经执政五年了。 He thought it unlikely that the Republican party would be in government for much longer. 他认为共和党不大可能还会执政很久。hold office /ˌhəʊld ˈɒfsǁ-ˈɔːf-/ [verb phrase]to have an important job in a government, for example as its leader or as head of a government department 担任官职 Jemison had previously held office as Minister of Education. 杰米森早前曾担任过教育部长。 In Mexico, the president holds office for a fixed term of six years. 在墨西哥，总统任职是固定的六年一届。 People convicted of certain criminal offenses are not allowed to hold office. 被判犯了某些刑事罪的人不可以担任官职。8 the way a country is governed 国家的治理方式government /ˈgʌvəmənt, ˈgʌvənməntǁˈgʌvərn-/ [uncountable noun]the way a country is governed 〔一国的〕治理，统治 Having a popular leader does not guarantee good government. 得民心的领导人并不能保证有好的治国之道。 The current Liberal Party has no actual experience of government. 现任自由党没有实际的治国经验。 After years of corrupt government, people are tired of politics. 政府长期腐败，人们对政治感到厌倦了。big governmentAmericanwhen the government controls many things 【美】大政府 The Republicans were elected by campaigning against big government and high taxes. 共和党是通过发起反对大政府和高税收而当选的。