DO/NOT DOdo something1 to do something2 to do something that has already been planned or ordered3 to do something after a delay or pause4 to do something that is bad or wrong5 ways of asking what someone is doing6 when someone is doing something7 something that someone does8 something that people do for enjoymentto do something in order to deal with a situation9 to do something in order to deal with a bad situation10 something that someone does in order to deal with a situationto do something well11 to do something skilfully or carefullyto do something badly12 to do something in a careless or unskilful wayto not do something13 to not do something that you should do14 to decide it is better not to do something15 to not do something because it does not seem important16 to not do anything because there is nothing to do17 not doing anythingRELATED WORDSto start doing something 开始做某事STARTsee alsoTAKE PART/BE INVOLVEDMAKEJOBWORK1 to do something 做某事do /duː/ [transitive verb] I do half an hour of exercises every morning. 我每天早上锻炼半个小时。 What is Carla doing? She's been in the garage for a half an hour. 卡拉在干什么？她在车库里已有半小时了。 Howard did some rapid calculations on the back of an envelope. 霍华德在信封背面很快地做了一下计算。 Listen, I'm only trying to do my job - don't yell at me. 听我说，我只不过是在做我份内的工作，别朝我大叫大嚷。do work/housework/homework etc She does a lot of work for charity. 她做了很多慈善工作。 I want you to do your homework before you start watching TV. 我要你看电视前先把家庭作业做好。do the washing/cooking/shopping etc You wash the dishes, and I'll do the drying. 你洗碗，我来擦干。do a test/exam/course etcBritish He's doing an art course at Wrexham College. 他正在雷克哈姆大学修读一个艺术课程。make /meɪk/to do something - use this with these words 做，作；制作make an effort/decision/start We can't wait any longer. You need to make a decision now. 我们不能再等了，你现在得作出决定。 Archie doesn't even make an effort to help out around the house. 阿奇在家里一点也不愿帮忙。make a speech/suggestion/remark/complaint/joke At school the other kids always made jokes about my name. 在学校里其他小孩老是拿我的名字开玩笑。 I'd like to make a suggestion if that's all right. 如果可以的话，我想提个建议。 The governor will be making a speech here next week. 下周州长要在这儿发表演讲。give /gɪv/ [transitive verb]give a talk/speech/performance etctalk, speak, sing, perform etc in front of a group of people 作讲座/发表演说/进行表演等 Mr Banks gave a short talk about his travels in Africa. 班克斯先生简短地谈了一下他的非洲之旅的情况。 Professor Williams will be giving a series of lectures on environmental pollution. 威廉斯教授将就环境污染的问题作一系列的讲座。 Davis gives a wonderful performance as an 81-year-old man. 戴维斯演81岁的老人演得非常好。go about /ˌgəʊ əˈbaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to start or continue doing a job - use this when someone does a job in their usual way, or when you are talking about the way they do it 干,着手做；从事〔指常做的事或做某事的方法〕 The old man hummed to himself as he went about his gardening. 老人在花园里一边干活，一边哼着曲子。 I'm thinking about changing careers, but I don't quite know how to go about it. 我在考虑换个行当，但不大清楚怎么做。go about doing something How would you go about reorganizing the kitchen? 你打算怎么重新布置厨房？go about your businesscontinue doing what you were doing or always do 继续做自己的事 The next morning, she went about her business as if nothing out of the ordinary had happened. 第二天早晨，她照常做自己的事，好像没有什么特别事情发生过似的。perform /pəʳˈfɔːʳm/ [transitive verb]perform a duty/operation/task etcto do a duty, operation, or piece of work 执行任务/做手术/做工作等 The ship's captain performed the wedding ceremony. 船长主持了婚礼。 The operation was performed by a team of surgeons at Addenbrookes Hospital. 这个手术是由阿登布鲁克斯医院的一组外科医生做的。 Students perform increasingly difficult tasks as the course continues. 随着这门课程越来越深入，学生要完成的任务也越来越难。conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ [transitive verb]conduct an experiment/survey/inquiry etcto do something, especially in order to find out or prove something 〔尤为发现或证明某事而〕进行实验/调查/调查研究等 All the children in the class have to conduct their own science experiments. 这个班上的所有学生都得自己独立完成科学实验。 The committee will conduct a thorough investigation of the bribery charges. 委员会将对这起受贿指控进行彻底调查。 The data comes from a survey conducted by the company last fall. 数据是该公司在去年秋季的一次调查中获得的。dabble in /ˈdæbəl ɪn/ [transitive phrasal verb]to do something that you are interested in or enjoy, but not very often or regularly, or not in a very serious way 浅尝；涉足，涉猎〔但不常做或不是十分认真地去做〕 When he was younger he used to dabble in astronomy. 他早年曾经涉猎过天文学。 Beck has dabbled in poetry over the years, but this is her first published book of poems. 贝克多年来一直在尝试诗歌创作，但这是她出版的第一部诗集。2 to do something that has already been planned or ordered 按计划或命令做某事carry out /ˌkæri ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to do something that has been planned or that someone has asked you to do 〔根据计划或某人的要求〕实施，进行carry out tests/research/a search etc Police are carrying out a thorough search of the area. 警方正对该地区进行彻底搜查。 Technicians carried out extensive tests on the equipment. 技术人员在对该设备进行全面的测试。carry out somebody's orders/instructions/wishes If my instructions had been carried out, the accident would not have happened. 如果按我的指示做，这次事故就不会发生。carry out a threat/promise The terrorists carried out their threat and shot two of the hostages. 恐怖分子将恐吓付诸行动，枪杀了两名人质。execute /ˈeksɪkjuːt, ˈeksəkjuːt/ [transitive verb]formalto do something that you have carefully planned or that you have agreed to do - used especially in official, legal, or business contexts 【正式】执行，实施〔尤用于公务、法律或商务方面〕 We will not be able to execute the programs without more funding. 没有更多资金，我们将无法实施该计划。 The directors make the decisions, but it's the managers who have to execute them. 董事作决定，但由经理执行。 The goal of landing people on Mars will not be an easy one to execute. 载人登陆火星的计划实行起来并不容易。execution /ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃən, ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/ [uncountable noun]execute of The department is responsible for the planning and execution of military operations. 该部门负责制定计划并执行军事行动。implement /ˈɪmplɪment, ˈɪmpləment/ [transitive verb]formalto do something after an official decision has been made that it should be done 【正式】实施，执行〔正式决定〕implement a plan/a proposal/recommendations/policy etc We need a strategy that can be implemented quickly. 我们需要一个立即能实施的策略。 Very few parties in government ever want to implement major political reform. 政府内部从来都很少有党派想实行大规模的政治改革。 An international team has been set up to implement recent UN recommendations. 为执行联合国最近的提议成立了一个国际小组。implementation /ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən, ˌɪmpləmenˈteɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] A clear timetable for the implementation of new city programs is lacking. 缺少一张实施新城市规划的明确时间表。put something into practice /ˌpʊt something ɪntə ˈprækts/ [verb phrase]if youput an idea or something you have learnedinto practice, you use it in your work or in your life, and you find out if it is effective 把某事付诸实践 The office has been slow to put the new proposals into practice. 办事处迟迟不愿把新建议付诸实施。 A lot of these modern theories about teaching sound really good until you actually try and put them into practice. 许多这些现代教学理论在真正付诸实践之前听起来都非常不错。deliver the goods/come up with the goods /dɪˌlɪvəʳ ðə ˈgʊdz, kʌm ˌʌp wɪð ðə ˈgʊdz/ [verb phrase]informalto successfully do what other people have asked you to do or expect you to do - used especially in business 【非正式】达到要求，不负所望〔尤用于商业上〕 What the country needs is an economic and political system capable of delivering the goods. 国家需要的是一个能不负所望的经济及政治制度。 When the company's director failed to come up with the goods, he was out. 那位公司董事未能达到要求，因此要离开。3 to do something after a delay or pause 推迟或暂停之后做某事get on with /get ˈɒn wɪð/ [transitive phrasal verb not in passive]especially British, spokento start doing something that you should have started already, or continue doing something that you have stopped doing for a short time 【尤英，口】〔耽搁后〕继续进行，接着做 I'm glad the guests are gone so I can get on with my work. 我很高兴客人走了，这样我就可以继续工作了。 Heavy rain is preventing rescue teams from getting on with the search. 滂沱大雨使营救小组无法继续搜索。get on with it Stop messing around - just get on with it! 别闲混了一快点做吧！get around toalsoget round toBritish /get əˈraʊnd tuː , get ˈraʊnd tuː/ [transitive phrasal verb not in passive]to finally do something that you have been intending to do for a long time, but have been too busy or too lazy to do 抽出时间做，〔拖延或耽搁后〕终于去做〔一直打算做的事〕 I was going to fill out an application, but I never got around to it. 我打算填写申请书，可总是没时间去做。get around/round to doing something I must get round to painting the kitchen some day. 我哪天一定要抽出时间把厨房刷一刷。get going /get ˈgəʊɪŋ/ [verb phrase]spokento start doing something, especially when you should have started already 【口】着手做，开始做〔尤指早就该去做的事〕 We've got so much to do - let's get going. 我们要做的事这么多，快开始干吧。get going on You need to get going on that report. It's due tomorrow. 你得动手写那份报告了，明天要交的。4 to do something that is bad or wrong 做坏事或错事be up to /biː ˈʌp tuː/ [verb phrase]informalif someoneis up to something they are probably doing something bad, but you do not know exactly what 【非正式】密谋，暗中做〔坏事〕 I know he's lying - what do you think he's up to? 我知道他在说谎，你觉得他在干什么坏事？be up to something The kids have been whispering and giggling all day - I think they're up to something. 孩子们整天在低声嘀咕，咯咯笑个没完—我想他们肯定在搞什么鬼。be up to no goodbe doing something bad 做坏事 She was beginning to suspect that the handsome stranger was up to no good. 她开始怀疑那个英俊的陌生人不怀好意。get up to /get ˈʌp tuː/ [verb phrase]Britishto do something that other people disapprove of, especially because you think it is funny or because you enjoy it 【英】干〔别人不赞成的事，尤指自己觉得好笑或有趣的事〕 She peeped into the bedroom to see what mischief her grandson was getting up to. 她往卧室里窥视，看看孙子在搞什么鬼。 When we were students, we used to get up to all sorts of things. 我们做学生时常常搞各种各样的恶作剧。commit /kəˈmɪt/ [transitive verb]to do something that is a crime, especially a serious crime 〔尤指严重〕犯〔罪〕commit a crime/murder/robbery etc Women commit far fewer crimes than men. 女性犯罪比男性少得多。 The murder must have been committed between 7 and 10pm. 这谋杀案肯定是在晚上7点到10点之间发生的。indulge in /ɪnˈdʌldʒ ɪn/ [transitive phrasal verb]to do something that you enjoy, even though there is a reason you should not do it 沉溺于，沉迷于 I was downtown, so I decided to indulge in a little shopping. 我在城里，于是决定尽情买点东西。 Most people indulge in harmless fantasies to relieve the boredom of their lives. 大部分人都会沉迷于一些无害的幻想来缓解生活的沉闷。stoop to /ˈstuːp tuː/ [transitive phrasal verb]to do something that you know is morally wrong because you think it is the only way that you can achieve what you want to achieve 自甘卑下，屈尊，降格以求 ‘She even tried to get him fired.’ ‘I can't believe she'd stoop to that.’ “她甚至想开除他。”“想不到她那么卑鄙。”stoop to doing something They ended up stooping to hair-pulling and name-calling. 结果他们不顾羞耻到互相扯拉头发、互相辱骂起来。 His lawyers even stooped to using the children to gain public sympathy. 他的律师竟然堕落到利用小孩子来博取公众的同情。5 ways of asking what someone is doing 问某人在干什么的说法what is somebody doing? /ˌwɒt ɪz somebody ˈduːɪŋ/spoken What are you two doing? 你们俩在干什么? He's been in the yard a long time - what's he doing out there? 他在院子里已好久了——他在那儿干什么？what is somebody up to? /ˌwɒt ɪz somebody ˈʌp tuː/spokensay this when you think someone is secretly doing something bad 【口】某人在暗中搞什么鬼？ You look guilty, Stuart. What have you been up to? 你看上去很内疚，斯图尔特。你一直在暗中搞些什么? They've been locked in there all morning - what are they up to? 他们整个早上都关在里面——他们在搞什么鬼？what is somebody playing at? /ˌwɒt ɪz somebody ˈpleɪ-ɪŋ æt/British spokensay this when you are angry and think someone has done something wrong or stupid 【英口】某人在干什么？〔用于很生气，认为某人在干坏事或蠢事时〕 She shouldn't have told him what I said. What was she playing at? 她不该把我的话告诉他。她在干什么? You boys! What on earth do you think you're playing at? Stop it at once! 你们这些孩子！你们说到底想干什么？快给我停下来！6 when someone is doing something 某人正在做某事时active /ˈæktɪv/ [adjective]always doing things or ready to do things, especially physical activities or activities within an organization 活跃的，积极的〔尤指体力活动或组织内的活动〕 They're both in their seventies, but they're still very active. 他俩都已70高龄，但仍很活跃。active in In Washington Harriman quickly became active in Democratic Party affairs. 在华盛顿，哈里曼很快就积极参与民主党的事务。active member Today there are over 5,000 active members in the Accra church. 今天，在阿克拉教堂内聚集了五千多名积极分子。in action /ɪn ˈækʃən/ [adverb]if you see someonein action, you see them doing the job or activity that they are trained to do or usually do 在工作中；在活动中 I've heard a lot about his dancing - I'd love to see him in action. 我经常听人说起他的舞蹈天赋—我很想看他表演。 The advertisement shows two firefighters in action putting out a blaze. 广告中出现两名救火员在扑灭大火的场景。 I had seen him in action during the San José strike, and I was very impressed. 我看到过他在圣何塞的罢工中的表现，对他印象很深刻。7 something that someone does 某人所做的事thing /θɪŋ/ [noun phrase]something that someone does - always use this with the verbdo〔某人所做的〕事情〔要与do连用〕 The first thing you should do is connect the printer to the computer. 首先你要做的事就是把打印机与电脑连接。a nice/stupid/nasty etc thing to do That was a really nice thing to do - I know Leona enjoys your visits. 那真算得上是件好事—我知道利昂娜喜欢你去探望。 I know I shouldn't have hit him - it was a dumb thing to do. 我知道我不该打他，这件事我做得很傻。the right/best/smart/only etc thing to do He gave her half the money because it was the right thing to do. 他把一半的钱给了她，因为这么做是对的。action /ˈækʃən/ [countable noun]something that someone does 动作；行动；行为 You can't be blamed for the actions of your parents. 你不能为父母的所作所为而受到指摘。 Bedell's financial problems do not excuse his actions. 比德尔的经济问题不能作为他行为的借口。course of actionsomething that you could do in order to deal with a situation 〔处理某情况的〕行动 There was only one possible course of action - he had to resign. 唯一可行的做法是—他必须辞职。activities /ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ækˈtɪvətiz/ [plural noun]things that people do, especially as an organized group - use this especially about illegal things that people do 〔尤指有组织团体不合法的〕活动 The FBI is investigating the company's business activities. 联邦调查局在对该公司的商业活动进行调查。 There is growing evidence of drug-smuggling activities in and around the port. 越来越多的证据显示，在港口以及附近一带有毒品走私活动。 Alberts created false documents to hide his activities from his employers. 艾伯茨捏造假文件，向雇主隐瞒他的活动。activity /ækˈtɪvɪti, ækˈtɪvəti/ [uncountable noun]when people are doing things, moving around, and looking busy 活动；热闹 There's a lot of activity downstairs - do you know what's going on? 楼下闹哄哄的一—你知道是什么事吗? Military activity was secretly taking place for weeks before the invasion. 入侵之前已秘密进行了几个星期的军事活动。act /ækt/ [countable noun]a particular kind of action 〔某种〕行为act of courage/stupidity/cruelty/kindness etc Saving the boys from the river was an act of great courage. 把这些男孩从河里救上来是一件极为勇敢的事。 We condemn all acts of violence, no matter what the reason. 我们谴责任何暴力行为，无论其理由是什么。 The whole nation is very grateful for the numerous acts of kindness rendered in this time of crisis. 全国人民非常感激人们在这危急时刻给予的无数帮助。deed /diːd/ [countable noun]something very brave, very good or very bad that someone does - used especially in literature 事迹；行为〔尤用于文学作品〕 One day he will pay for his evil deeds. 总有一天他会为他的恶行付出代价。 He grew up reading the tales and legends of heroic deeds. 他是读着英雄传说和事迹长大的。good deed Well, that's my good deed for the day. 瞧，那是我今天干的一件好事。feat /fiːt/ [countable noun]something that someone does that is admired because it is very difficult and you need a lot of skill or strength to do it 技艺；功绩，业绩feat of Using the code requires incredible feats of memory. 使用这套密码需要惊人的记忆力。perform/accomplish/achieve a feat The circus acrobats perform amazing feats on the trapeze. 这些马戏团杂技演员表演了令人惊叹的高空秋千。 He led his team to victory for the tenth time, a feat no captain had achieved before. 他带领球队第十次获胜，在他之前没有别的队长获得过如此佳绩。exploits /ˈeksplɔɪts/ [plural noun]brave or exciting actions that people are told about and admire 业绩，功绩，功勋，英勇事迹 The children loved to hear their father tell stories of his wartime exploits. 孩子们喜欢听父亲讲他立战功的故事。 Powell's exploits on the Colorado River made him a hero of the old West. 鲍威尔在科罗拉多河上的壮举使他成了荒蛮西部的英雄。8 something that people do for enjoyment 人们为娱乐而做的事activity /ækˈtɪvɪti, ækˈtɪvəti/ [countable noun] What kind of activities do you enjoy? 你喜欢何种活动？outdoor/indoor activities Rebecca has always loved hiking and other outdoor activities. 丽贝卡一直喜爱远足和其他户外活动。leisure/social/cultural etc activities The retirement home arranges social and cultural activities for its seniors. 退休之家为老年人安排各种社交及文化活动。lay on activitiesBritishprovide them 【英】安排活动 In the afternoon, there will be plenty of activities laid on for the kids. 下午的时候，将为孩子们安排许多活动。pursuits /pəʳˈsjuːtsǁ-ˈsuːts/ [plural noun]formalthings that people do because they enjoy them 【正式】爱好，追求leisure/outdoor/artistic etc pursuits Her husband never gave her much support in her artistic pursuits. 她丈夫对她的艺术追求从不给予支持。 After he retired, my grandfather was able to devote his time to literary pursuits. 祖父退休以后，可以把时间放在文学爱好上了。pastime /ˈpɑːstaɪmǁˈpæs-/ [countable noun]an activity that is pleasant, relaxing and usually not very difficult, that you do when you are not working, because you enjoy it 消遣 Our cat's favourite pastime is sitting at the window and watching the people walk by. 我家的猫最大的消遣是坐在窗边看人来人往。 Watching talk shows has become a national pastime in this country. 观看访谈节目已成为这个国家的全国性消遣活动了。something to do /ˌsʌmθɪŋ tə ˈduː/ [noun phrase]something that you can do and that will stop you feeling bored when you have nothing to do 〔为解闷〕可以做的事情 I don't mind helping - it'll give me something to do. 我愿意帮忙—这样我就有事可做了。 He really needs something to do in his spare time to keep him out of trouble. 空闲时他确实要有些事做以免闹出麻烦事。hobby /ˈhɒbiǁˈhɑː-/ [countable noun]something that you do for interest and enjoyment regularly over a long period of time, for example, collecting things or making models 爱好〔如收集物品或制作模型〕 My hobbies are wind-surfing and playing the guitar. 我的业余爱好是帆板运动和弹吉他。 I never saw my song-writing as anything more than a hobby until recently. 我以前一直把创作歌曲当成一种消遣爱好，直到最近才有所改变。9 to do something in order to deal with a bad situation 做某事以应付困境do something /ˈduː ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ [verb phrase]todo something to deal with a problem, especially one that is urgent 做些事情〔以对付问题，尤指紧急的问题〕 Quick, do something - there's water all over the kitchen floor. 快，来弄一弄！厨房地上到处是水。 We need to do something before everyone gets fed up and quits. 在大家都厌烦了要辞职而走之前，我们得做点什么。do something about When are you going to do something about this broken window? 那扇破玻璃窗你打算什么时候弄啊？ Teenagers were dropping out of school in huge numbers, until a group of parents and teachers decided to do something about it. 许许多多青少年都辍学了，后来一群家长和教师决定针对这一情况想想办法。take action /ˌteɪk ˈækʃən/ [verb phrase]to do something to stop a bad situation from happening or continuing - use this to talk about people who have a clear plan for dealing with a problem 〔指有明确计划〕采取行动，采取措施〔以阻止坏事发生或继续〕 Unless governments take action, the Earth's atmosphere will continue to heat up. 除非各国政府采取措施，否则地球的大气将继续变热。take action against The school will take strong action against any students using illegal drugs. 该学校将对任何吸毒的学生采取强硬措施。take action on Congress is expected to take action on campaign finance reform soon. 人们希望国会尽快对选举经费改革采取行动。take action to do something The President may step in and take action to lower energy prices. 总统可能会介入并采取措施降低能源价格。act /ækt/ [intransitive verb]to use your power or authority to deal with an urgent problem 〔运用权力或权威〕采取行动〔以解决紧急问题〕 We must act before the situation gets out of control. 趁局面还能控制得住，我们必须采取行动。 Despite the crisis, the Commission seems unwilling to act. 尽管出现危机，该委员会似乎仍不愿采取行动。 Critics accuse the company of acting too slowly in notifying residents of the chemical leak. 批评者指责该公司没有及时把化学物泄漏的情况通知居民。take steps/take measures /ˌteɪk ˈsteps, ˌteɪk ˈmeʒəʳz/ [verb phrase]if a government or someone in a position of powertakes steps ormeasures, they do what is necessary to improve a situation or to deal with a problem 〔政府或掌权者〕采取一系列措施〔以改善局面或处理问题〕 The governor has not yet decided what measures should be taken. 州长尚未决定该采取哪些措施。take steps/take measures to do something All departments must take measures now to reduce costs. 现在所有部门都必须采取措施来降低成本。 We apologize for the error and have taken steps to see that it does not happen again. 我们为此错误深表歉意，并已采取措施以保证这种事不再发生。take drastic measures Drastic measures will be taken against those who engage in terrorism. 对那些从事恐怖活动的人将采取一系列严厉措施。move /muːv/ [intransitive verb]if a person or organizationmoves to do something, they start to take action, especially in order to deal quickly with an urgent matter 〔人或组织〕开始采取行动〔尤以迅速处理紧急事件〕 If anyone wants to put in a bid on the property they'll have to move quickly. 如果有人想为那物业出个价，就必须迅速行动。move to do something Airport authorities are moving fast to improve security following a series of bomb threats. 机场主管部门接连几次受到炸弹的威胁之后，正在迅速采取行动加强保安措施。 In the past year the leadership has moved to strengthen their control over the party. 去年领导层已采取行动加强对该党的控制。intervene/step in /ˌɪntəʳˈviːn, ˌstep ˈɪn/ [intransitive verb/intransitive phrasal verb]to get involved in a difficult situation in order to stop a fight or deal with someone else's problem 干预，介入，插手〔以停止斗争或解决问题〕 The referee intervened when two of the players started to fight. 两名球员打起来的时候，裁判出面调停。 The situation was allowed to continue for several months before the local authorities stepped in. 在当地政府插手干预之前，这一局势已被放任持续了数月。intervene in something The UN was not authorized to intervene in a country's internal affairs. 联合国无权干涉一国内政。intervene/step in to do something Soldiers intervened to prevent further bloodshed. 军队介入以阻止进一步的流血事件。 Thomas had listened to the argument for long enough and he stepped in to defend Miss Price. 托马斯听他们争吵了好一会后，站出来为普赖斯小姐说话。intervention /ˌɪntəʳˈvenʃən/ [uncountable noun] We don't need more government intervention in private industry. 我们不需要政府对私有企业干涉太多。10 something that someone does in order to deal with a situation 某人为处理某情况时所做的事action /ˈækʃən/ [uncountable noun]what someone does when they use their power to deal with a problem or to achieve something 行动〔运用权力以期解决问题或做成某事〕 Strong action is needed to restore law and order. 有必要采取强硬的行动来恢复法律与秩序。 It's been politics as usual - all talk and no action. 依旧是那一套政治—老是空谈而没有行动。action on The agency has promised action on the pollution problem for years, but nothing has happened. 那个行政部门答应对污染问题采取行动已多年了，但未见任何动作。step /step/ [countable noun]one of a series of things that someone does in order to deal with a problem or to achieve success 〔为解决问题或取得成功而采取的〕步骤 Her first big step towards a career in movies was her move to Hollywood. 她演艺生涯的第一大步便是到好莱坞去发展。 Now that we've identified the problem, what's the next step? 我们已找到了问题所在，那么下一步该怎么办？ These steps are necessary if the company is to succeed in the European market. 该公司要在欧洲市场取得成功，必须采取这些步骤。measure /ˈmeʒəʳ/ [countable noun usually plural]an action taken by a government or someone in authority to deal with a problem or improve a situation, for example by making a new law or rule 〔政府或当权者为解决问题或改善情况而采取的〕措施〔如制定新法律或规定〕 Government officials refused to say what measures were being planned to deal with the refugee crisis. 政府官员拒绝透露他们计划采取哪些措施来应对难民危机。measure to do something Lawmakers are searching for the best measures to strengthen Social Security. 立法者在寻找最佳办法来加强社会保障制度。drastic measures Drastic situations require drastic measures. 极端的情况需要采取极端的解决办法。move /muːv/ [countable noun]something that you decide to do in order to achieve a particular result, especially as one of a series of planned actions 〔为取得某种结果所采取的〕步骤；行动somebody's move The management have offered less money than we wanted so what's our next move? 资方出的钱比我们想要的少，那么下一步我们怎么办？ His first move after taking office was to appoint four communists to his cabinet. 他上任后的第一步就是在内阁中任命了四名共产党人。move to do something The UN's latest move to stop the fighting has ended in failure. 联合国最近一次为阻止战争所采取的行动以失败告终了。11 to do something skilfully or carefully 熟练地、小心地把某事做好do (something) well /ˌduː something ˈwel/ [verb phrase] Don't worry about the test - I'm sure you'll do well. 别担心那考试—我相信你会考好的。 She enjoys her job and does it very well. 她喜欢自己的工作并干得很出色。 If a firm does a job well, we use them again. 如果一家公司把工作干得好，我们以后还会请他们干。do a good job /duː ə ˌgʊd ˈdʒɒbǁ-ˈdʒɑːb/ [verb phrase]especially spokento do something well, especially a job that you have been asked to do 【尤口】工作干得好〔尤指人家请你干的工作〕 You can always rely on Brian to do a good job. 你可以一直信赖布莱恩会把工作做得很好。 You're doing a good job there, Sally. I don't know what we'd do without you. 你在那儿干得不错，萨莉。没有你，我真不知道我们该怎么办。do a good job of doing something They did a really good job of decorating my bathroom. 他们把我的浴室装修得非常好。make a good job of /ˌmeɪk ə gʊd ˈdʒɒb ɒvǁ-ˈdʒɑːb-/ [verb phrase]Britishto do something well, especially a piece of practical work, so that it looks good or works well 【英】把〔尤指实用的活〕干好 The hairdresser made a good job of your hair. It looks lovely. 发型师把你的头发做得很好，看上去很漂亮。 We've just had a new heating system installed, but unfortunately they didn't make a very good job of it. 我们刚刚请人安装了一套新的取暖系统，可惜他们装得不是很好。excel /ɪkˈsel/ [intransitive verb not in progressive]to do something much better than most other people, especially because you have a natural ability to do it well 突出；胜过他人〔尤因有天赋能力〕 I didn't exactly excel academically and I left school as soon as I had the chance. 我学业不佳，所以一有机会就辍学了。excel at/in He played cricket for Middlesex but it was football that he really excelled at. 他在米德尔塞克斯队打板球，不过他真正擅长的是足球。 Many parents put too much pressure on their children to excel in school. 许多家长给子女太大压力，希望他们学业出众。excel yourselfBritishdo even better than usual 【英】比平常做得好 Costner has excelled himself in this movie - definitely his best performance yet. 科斯特纳在这部影片中演得特别出色—这无疑是他至今的最佳演出。outdo /aʊtˈduː/ [transitive verb]to be better or more successful than someone else at doing something 优于，胜过，领先 The Canadian hockey team has outdone all its rivals. 这支加拿大冰球队胜过所有对手。outdo somebody in something Each state seems to be trying to outdo its neighbors in cutting health services. 在削减保健服务方面，每个州似乎都想超过其邻近的州。outdo yourselfdo even better than usual 比平常做得好 The singer outdid himself at the festival, singing for almost three hours to noisy applause. 这位歌手在音乐节上超水平发挥，在疯狂的掌声中唱了差不多三个小时。not to be outdoneso that no one else does better than you 不让别人超过自己 Not to be outdone, Stern went on television and made a speech of his own. 斯特恩不甘落后，自己上电视作了一次演讲。distinguish yourself /dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ jɔːʳself/ [verb phrase]to do something very well, so that people notice you, praise you, and remember you 使自己出名，使自己成名 Bradley has distinguished himself as the top scorer on the team. 布拉德利作为队里的最佳射手而令人瞩目。 After joining the newspaper, she quickly distinguished herself with a series of hard-hitting exposés. 她加入报社后，以一连串直击要害的揭露性文章而声名鹊起。12 to do something in a careless or unskilful way 马虎或笨拙地做某事do (something) badly /ˌduː something ˈbædli/ [verb phrase] I think I did pretty badly in the exam today. 我觉得今天考得非常糟糕。 They packed the glass and china for us, but they did it very badly and a lot of stuff got broken. 他们为我们把玻璃杯和瓷器包起来，可他们包得很马虎，许多都碎裂了。mess up /ˌmes ˈʌp/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb]informalto do something badly because you have made mistakes, often so that you do not get the result you wanted 【非正式】把〔某事〕弄糟 I've practiced all week, but I'm still afraid I'll mess up. 我已练习了整整一星期，可我仍然担心会搞砸。mess something up Don't ask Terry to do it - she'll probably just mess it up. 别叫特丽来做—她一定会把它搞得一团糟的。mess up something Danny messed up three plays and made us lose the game. 丹尼三场比赛都打得不好，使我们输掉了这次比赛。make a mess ofalsomake a hash ofBritish /ˌmeɪk ə ˈmes ɒv , ˌmeɪk ə ˈhæʃ ɒv/ [verb phrase]informalto do something badly and make a lot of mistakes, especially when it is important that you do it well 【非正式】把〔尤指重要的事〕弄得一团糟 Let's be honest. Most people make a mess of handling money. 我们实话实说吧，大多数人处理金钱都是一团糟的。 She picked herself up and started the dance again, determined not to make a hash of it this time. 她爬起来开始继续跳舞，下决心这一次不能再搞砸了。make a complete hash of something I made a complete hash of the interview - I don't stand a chance of getting the job. 这次面试给我彻底弄糟了，我不可能得到这份工作了。screw up /ˌskruː ˈʌp/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb]informalto spoil something you are trying to do, by making stupid mistakes 【非正式】搞坏，弄糟〔试图在做的某事〕 If you screw up too many times, they'll kick you off the team. 如果你一次次地把事情弄糟，他们会把你赶出球队的。screw something up I was so nervous about the driving test that I screwed the whole thing up. 驾驶考试的时候我非常紧张，结果整件事情都被我搞砸了。screw up something My audition was going really well until I screwed the last part up. 我的试演进行得非常顺利，可就是最后一部分被我演砸了。do a bad job /duː ə ,bæd ˈdʒɒbǁ-ˈdʒɑːb/ [verb phrase]to do something badly, especially a job you have been asked to do 把〔尤指人家请你干的工作〕做坏 Most people think the mayor is doing a pretty bad job. 大多数人都认为市长把工作做得很糟。do a bad job of doing something He did such a bad job of labeling these envelopes I don't think I'll ask for his help again. 他把给这些信封贴标签的工作做得很差，我想我以后再也不会叫他帮忙了。bungle /ˈbʌŋgəl/ [transitive verb]if an organization or someone in authoritybungles what they are trying to do, they fail to do it successfully because of stupid or careless mistakes 〔机构或当权者因笨拙或粗心〕把…搞糟，做坏 The plan seemed simple enough, but the CIA managed to bungle the operation. 那计划似乎相当简单，可中央情报局竟把行动搞糟了。 Analysts agree that the company bungled its response to the crisis. 分析员都认为该公司未能对此危机作出正确的反应。bungling [uncountable noun] Because of bureaucratic bungling the hospital had never been built. 因官僚主义的错误，这家医院一直没有建成。bungled [adjective] a bungled rescue attempt 不成功的营救行动botch/botch up /bɒtʃ, ˌbɒtʃ ˈʌpǁˌbɑːtʃ-/ [transitive verb/transitive phrasal verb]to do something badly, especially a practical job such as making or repairing something, as a result of being too careless or not having enough skill 粗心地弄坏，笨手笨脚地搞糟〔尤指实际工作，如制作或修理某物〕 They were supposed to fix the roof, but they completely botched the job. 他们本应是被请来修理屋顶的，可他们把工作做得一团糟。botch something up We hired someone to fix the computer system, but he botched it up even more. 我们雇了个人来修电脑系统，可他却把它搞得更坏了。botch up something I wouldn't take your car to that garage - they botch up the simplest jobs. 我不会把你的车送到那家修理厂去—最简单的活他们都搞不好。botched [adjective] He was killed by burglars in a botched robbery at his mansion. 他被那帮在他大宅里笨手笨脚地盗窃的窃贼杀了。mismanage /ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒ/ [transitive verb]if someone who is in chargemismanages a system or planned piece of work, they do it badly because they did not organize and control it properly 对〔制度或计划好的工作〕管理不善 The whole project was seriously mismanaged from the beginning. 整项工程的管理一开始就极为混乱。 Many people accused the government of mismanaging the environment and indirectly causing the flooding. 许多人指责政府对环境管理不善，间接导致了水灾。fluff /flʌf/ [transitive verb]informalto do something badly because you are not paying enough attention, especially when it is your turn to do something in a play or in a game 【非正式】〔尤指在演戏时或比赛中〕出错 I was so nervous that I fluffed my lines. 我紧张得把台词都念错了。 It should have been an easy catch, but he fluffed it. 这球应该很好接，可他没接着。not do yourself justice /nɒt ˌduː jɔːʳself ˈdʒʌsts/ [verb phrase]Britishto do something less well than you could, in an examination, game etc 【英】〔在考试或比赛等中〕没有充分发挥自己的能力 My grandfather was very intelligent, but he never did himself justice at school. 我祖父很聪明，可他上学时从没发挥出自己的水平。 There were a couple of good performances, but most of the players didn't really do themselves justice. 有几场打得很精彩，但大多数球员并没有完全发挥出来。13 to not do something that you should do 不做你应该做的事not do /nɒt ˈduː/ [verb phrase] I haven't done my taxes yet and they're due next week. 我还未交税，下周就到期了。 The electrician came round yesterday, but he didn't do all the jobs I asked him to do. 电工昨天来过，可我让他干的活他没全干完。 She was afraid that if she didn't do what her boss told her she would be fired. 她怕如果没有把老板吩咐的工作办妥，她会被开除。do nothing/not do anything /ˌduː ˈnʌθɪŋ, ˌnɒt duː ˈeniθɪŋ/ [verb phrase]to not try to help someone or prevent a bad situation, even though you know it is happening 〔明知道坏情况在发生却〕什么也不做 How could neighbors listen to her scream and do nothing? 邻居们怎么可以听到她尖叫却无动于衷呢?do nothing/not do anything about We told the police months ago, but they still haven't done anything about it. 几个月前我们就告诉警方了，可他们至今对此未采取任何行动。do nothing/not do anything to do something No one did anything to stop the purse snatcher. 没有人对那个抢钱包的人采取任何行动加以阻止。take no action /ˌteɪk nəʊ ˈækʃən/ [verb phrase]formalto do nothing, especially when this is a deliberate decision 【正式】〔尤指故意地〕不采取行动 If you have already paid the amount shown on this bill, you need take no further action. 如果你已付清了账单上的金额，就不需要再做什么了。take no action to do something Local police took no action to protect the family from the attacks. 当地警方未采取任何行动来保护那家人免受袭击。fail to do something /ˌfeɪl tə ˈduː something/ [verb phrase not usually in progressive]formalto not do something that you should do, especially when this has serious results 【正式】没有做某事〔尤指因而带来严重后果〕 The driver of the car failed to stop in time, and the boy was killed. 汽车司机未能及时停车，男孩就被撞死了。 If you fail to provide all the information, we will be unable to process your application. 如果你未提供所有信息，我们就无法处理你的申请。neglect to do something /nɪˌglekt tə ˈduː something/ [verb phrase not in progressive]to not do something because you do not pay enough attention or forget, especially when this could have serious results 漏做某事〔尤指这可能会带来不良后果〕 Marie decided not to move, but she neglected to inform the rental agency. 玛丽决定不搬家了，但忘了通知租房代理行。 The public are demanding to know why the government neglected to warn them of the oil shortages. 公众要求知道政府为何没有警告他们石油短缺的事。omit to do something /əʊˌmɪt tə ˈduː something/ [verb phrase not in progressive]formalto not do something, either because you forget to do it or because you deliberately choose not to do it 【正式】忘记做某事；没有做某事 Mrs Hobbs told me about the meeting but she omitted to tell me where it was. 霍布斯太太告诉我开会的事，可忘了告诉我地点。 Starr's account omits to mention that it was his own actions that caused the fire. 斯塔尔的叙述未有提及正是他的行为导致了火灾。stand by/sit by /ˌstænd ˈbaɪ, ˌsɪt ˈbaɪ/ [intransitive phrasal verb]to not do anything to stop something bad from happening, when you should do something to show that you care about the situation 袖手旁观 Why did people just stand by while she was attacked? 她受到袭击时为什么人们只是袖手旁观? We can't afford to just sit by and watch more of our local industry shut down. 我们可不能袖手旁观，眼看着我们当地越来越多的工厂关门停产。just stand there/just sit there /dʒʌst ˈstænd ðeəʳ, dʒʌst ˈsɪt ðeəʳ/ [verb phrase]spokento not even move or start to do something when there is an urgent situation 【口】就坐/站在那儿〔指有紧急情况需要采取行动时〕 Don't just stand there - help me catch the cat! 别呆站在那儿，帮我来捉猫！ When the fire alarm went off she just sat there as if she hadn't heard a thing. 火警响起时她就坐在原处，好像什么都没听到似的。14 to decide it is better not to do something 决定不做某事为好refrain /rɪˈfreɪn/ [intransitive verb not in progressive]formalto not do something that you want to do or usually do, especially because you do not want to offend or upset someone 【正式】忍住，节制〔尤因不想让别人生气或伤心〕 Kate wanted to slap Keith round the face but she refrained. 凯特想打基思一巴掌，但她忍住了。refrain from Rand refrained from comment on the scandal involving his opponent. 兰德忍住了，没有提到他对手涉及的那桩丑闻。refrain from doing something Please refrain from smoking in the restaurant. 请不要在餐厅里抽烟。abstain /əbˈsteɪn/ [intransitive verb]to decide not to do something, especially something enjoyable, because it is considered to be bad for your health or morally wrong 戒绝〔被认为有损健康或不合道德的某物〕 Most of the church members drink only moderately or abstain completely. 大多数教会成员只喝少量酒或完全不喝酒。abstain from You should abstain from food and caffeinated drinks before the operation. 手术前你不要吃东西，也不要喝含咖啡因的饮料。abstain from doing something Junior politicians are supposed to abstain from criticizing the government. 地位较低的政治家应该避免批评政府。abstinence /ˈæbstɪnəns, ˈæbstənəns/ [uncountable noun]stop short of /ˌstɒp ˈʃɔːʳt ɒvǁˌstɑːp-/ [verb phrase not in progressive or passive]to not do something extreme, even though what you have been doing or saying until now makes this very likely to be the next thing you do 在〔做某事〕之前停住；险些〔做某事〕 The US was willing to support sanctions, but stopped short of military intervention. 美国愿意支持制裁，但不至于实行军事干预。stop short of doing something Morris has strongly criticized Paulson's writings but stops short of calling him a racist. 莫里斯强烈批评保尔森的作品，但最终没有把他称作是种族主义者。hold back /ˌhəʊld ˈbæk/ [intransitive phrasal verb]to not do something, especially because you are worried about what will happen if you do 控制住〔尤因为担心做后不知道会发生什么事〕 He wanted to tell her everything, but something made him hold back. 他想把一切都告诉她，可是出于某种原因他忍住了。hold back from doing something Republicans have expressed interest in the plan but have held back from making a commitment. 共和党人对此计划表示了兴趣，但却没有作出承诺。keep from doing something /ˌkiːp frəm ˈduːɪŋ something/ [verb phrase not in progressive]to stop yourself from doing something you want to do, because you do not want to offend someone, spoil a secret etc 克制住不去做某事〔因可能惹恼别人、泄露秘密等〕 It was all I could do to keep from hitting him. 我只能克制住自己不去揍他。keep yourself from doing something Sara was so excited, she could hardly keep herself from giving away the whole plan. 萨拉非常激动，好不容易才忍住没把整个计划都说出去。forget /fəʳˈget/ [transitive verb]to decide or agree not to do something, especially because it is likely to be unsuccessful or is unnecessary 决定放弃，不再做〔尤因为不大可能成功或不必要〕 Look, we aren't making any progress - let's just forget the whole idea. 看，我们没有任何进展，不如放弃这个念头吧。forget itspoken If you're not going to take this project seriously we might as well forget it. 如果你不打算认真对待这一计划，我们还不如放弃它。think twice /ˌθɪŋk ˈtwaɪs/ [verb phrase not in progressive]to not do something that you were going to do, or to think very carefully before you do it, because you know it could have a bad result 〔在做某事前〕再三考虑，仔细考虑〔因为知道可能有不良后果〕 Anyone thinking about having unprotected sex should think twice. 想进行无保护措施的性行为的人都应该仔细考虑。think twice about I hope this latest attack will make people think twice about mindless violence towards ethnic minorities. 我希望这最近一次的袭击会让大家对用无谓的暴力攻击少数民族的行为作出郑重的思考。think twice before doing something The heavy penalties are designed to make people think twice before committing a crime. 这些严厉的刑罚意在使人在犯罪前三思。15 to not do something because it does not seem important 因认为不重要而不做某事not bother /nɒt ˈbɒðəʳǁ-ˈbɑː-/ [verb phrase]especially spokento not do something because you do not think it is important or necessary, or because you want to do something else 【尤口】不费心 ‘Shall I come get you at the station?’ ‘Don't bother - I can walk.’ “要我来车站接你吗？”“别麻烦了—我可以走过来。”not bother to do something Most people don't bother to make a will while they're still young. 多数人在还年轻的时候不会费心去立遗嘱。 I don't even bother to open most of the junk mail I get. 对收到的大部分垃圾电子邮件，我甚至都不愿费神去打开看。give something a miss /ˌgɪv something ə ˈmɪs/ [verb phrase not in passive]Britishto decide not to do something that you had planned to do, for example because you are too tired 【英】决定不做某事〔比如因为过于疲倦〕 I think I'll give my exercise class a miss tonight - I'm worn out. 我想不去今晚的健身课了，我累坏了。 ‘Do you want to come to the cinema?’ ‘No thanks, I'll give it a miss this time.’ “你想去看电影吗？”“不了，谢谢。这次不去了。”skip /skɪp/ [transitive verb]to not do something that you usually do or that you should do, especially because you would prefer to do something else 不去做；故意略去〔经常或应该做的事，尤因更想做其他事〕 Bill likes to leave work early, so he skips lunch sometimes. 比尔喜欢早下班，所以他有时不吃午饭。 The weather's so nice today - let's skip class and go to the beach. 今天的天气这么好，我们逃课去海滩吧。16 to not do anything because there is nothing to do 因为无事可做而不做任何事have nothing to do/not have anything to do /hæv ˌnʌθɪŋ tə ˈduː, nɒt hæv ˌenɪθɪŋ tə ˈduː/ [verb phrase not in progressive]if youhave nothing to do, there is nothing interesting for you to do, and you feel bored 无事可做 I get depressed if I have nothing to do. 我如果没事可做就会感到沮丧。 The kids are always complaining that they don't have anything to do. 孩子们老是在抱怨没事可做。with nothing to do/without anything to do She was sick of sitting around at home with nothing to do. 整天坐在家里没事可干让她烦透了。sit around/stand around /ˌsɪt əˈraʊnd, ˌstænd əˈraʊnd/ [intransitive phrasal verb]to sit or stand somewhere for a long time, feeling bored, when you are waiting for something to happen or when you are just being lazy 闲坐〔站〕，无所事事地坐着〔站着〕〔指等候某事发生或因为懒惰〕 I spent the whole morning sitting around waiting for him to call. 整个上午我就坐着等他的电话。 A group of teenagers were standing around outside the station. 一群青少年在车站外闲站着。 If you're just standing around, why don't you come help me? 你要是就闲站着，干吗不过来帮帮我？be at a loose endBritish/be at loose endsAmerican /biː ət ə ˌluːs ˈend, biː ət ˌluːs ˈendz/ [verb phrase]to be unable to think of anything to do 想不出事情可干，无所事事 After her husband died, Mildred found herself suddenly at loose ends. 丈夫去世后，米尔德丽德忽然发现自己无事可干了。 I felt rather at a loose end at the end of the term so I decided to take a trip to London. 学期结束后，我觉得有点无聊，就决定去伦敦一游。17 not doing anything 不干任何事idle /ˈaɪdl/ [adjective not usually before noun]not doing anything, especially work, because there is nothing to do 闲着的；不在工作的 Almost half the skilled workers in this country are now idle. 该国的熟练工人差不多有一半现在都闲着没工作可做。sit/stand idle Hundreds of workers sat idle on the factory floor waiting for the assembly line to start again. 数百名工人闲坐在厂里等着装配线重新启动。inactive /ɪnˈæktɪv/ [adjective]not doing anything, for example, because you are old or ill 〔因年老或生病〕不做任何事的；不活跃的 She dreads becoming old and inactive. 她害怕年纪大了无所事事。 Very shy people often become socially inactive. 性情很腼腆的人通常不热衷参加社交活动。inactivity /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti, ˌɪnækˈtɪvəti/ [uncountable noun] Failing health is the biggest reason for Herman's long period of inactivity. 身体状况每况愈下是赫尔曼长期不活动的主要原因。passive /ˈpæsɪv/ [adjective]not making decisions or taking control of situations yourself but allowing other people to do it for you, especially in a situation where other people are trying to control or influence you 被动的；消极的 Emma plays far too passive a role in group discussions. 埃玛在小组讨论的时候显得太被动了。 You're too passive, Harry. You should just tell her you don't want to go. 你太被动了，哈里。你应该告诉她你不想去。passively [adverb] The majority of people will passively accept what newspapers tell them. 大多数人对报纸上的话都只会被动地接受。