DAMAGE1 to damage something2 to damage something deliberately3 when weather/water/chemicals etc slowly damage something4 to damage something by using it5 physical damage caused by somethingRELATED WORDSto have a bad effect on something 对某事产生不好的影响HARMto damage something so badly it cannot be repaired 把某物损坏得很严重以至不能修复DESTROYto hurt or injure someone 伤害或弄伤某人HURT/INJUREdamage to the environment 对环境的破坏ENVIRONMENT (5)see alsoBREAKBROKEN/NOT BROKENSPOILTEARMARKREPAIRCONDITION (1-6)1 to damage something 损坏某物damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ [transitive verb]to break part of something or spoil its appearance 损坏，毁坏 The goods were damaged during transport. 货物在运输途中损坏了。 Don't put any hot things on the table - you'll damage the surface. 别把烫的东西放在桌上，会把桌面烫坏的。badly/severely damaged The building had been severely damaged by fire. 这幢大楼在大火中严重烧毁。damaged [adjective] I was lucky to escape from the accident with nothing but a damaged windscreen. 我运气好，在车祸中逃过一劫，除了挡风玻璃外什么也没损坏。do/cause damage /ˌduː, ˌkɔːz ˈdæmɪdʒ/ [verb phrase]if one thing or person does orcauses damage to another, it damages that person or thing - use this especially to say how much damage there is 造成损失〔尤用于表示损失有多大〕 The explosion caused over £50,000 worth of damage. 这次爆炸造成了五万多英镑的损失。 In the end, the Internet virus did little permanent damage. 最后，这种互联网病毒没有造成多少永久性的破坏。do/cause damage to Too much sun can do serious damage to your skin. 太阳光照得太多会对皮肤造成很大的伤害。break /breɪk/ [transitive verb]to damage a machine or piece of equipment so that it does not work or cannot be used 损坏〔机器或设备〕 Leave that clock alone - you'll break it! 别动那个钟，你会把它弄坏的 We used to have a remote control for the TV, but my brother broke it. 我们曾有一个电视机遥控器，可是给弟弟弄坏了。broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ [adjective] One of the car's rear lights is broken. 汽车的一个尾灯坏了。scratch /skrætʃ/ [transitive verb]to damage a painted or polished surface by making long thin marks on it with something sharp or rough 擦坏，划破，刮破〔漆面等〕 Be careful not to scratch the table with those scissors. 当心点别让剪刀划破桌面。 I scratched the side of the car as I was backing it into the driveway. 我在把车倒入车道时擦破了车身。scratched [adjective] The kitchen has a beautiful wooden floor, but it's badly scratched. 厨房铺着漂亮的木地板，但划坏得很厉害。2 to damage something deliberately 故意损坏某物vandalizealsovandaliseBritish /ˈvændəl-aɪz/ [transitive verb usually in passive]to deliberately damage buildings, vehicles, or public property 肆意毁坏〔建筑物、车辆或公共财产〕 All the public telephones in the area had been vandalized. 这地区的所有公用电话都被人肆意毁坏了。 No-one is really sure why people vandalize their own neighbourhoods. 没有人能够想明白为何会有人故意破坏自己住的区域。vandal [countable noun]someone who vandalizes things: 毁坏公物者 Vandals broke into the school and wrecked two classrooms. 破坏公物者闯入学校，捣毁了两间教室。vandalism [uncountable noun]the criminal activity of vandalizing things 故意破坏公物的罪行 In recent years, there has been an increase in vandalism in inner-city areas. 近年来在市中心地区故意破坏公物的行为有上升趋势。smash up /ˌsmæʃ ˈʌp/ [transitive phrasal verb]Britishto deliberately damage a room or building by breaking windows, furniture etc 【英】〔故意〕撞毁；击毁；捣毁〔房间或建筑物的窗户、家具等〕smash something up They didn't only rob the house, they smashed it up too. 他们不仅入室抢劫，还把屋子捣毁了。smash up something About 400 rioters had seized control and were smashing up the jail. 约400名暴徒控制了监狱，并大肆破坏。smash the place up Some of the men got drunk and smashed the place up. 几名男子喝醉了酒，把那地方砸得粉碎。trash /træʃ/ [transitive verb]especially American, informalto cause a lot of damage to a thing or place, either deliberately or by using it carelessly 【尤美，非正式】〔指故意或不小心使用而〕捣毁，破坏 That kid of yours has trashed my VCR. 你那个宝贝孩子故意弄坏了我的录像机。trash the placespokencause a lot of damage to a room or building 【口】把地方弄得乱七八糟 Dad says it's OK to have the party here, as long as we don't trash the place. 爸爸说可以在这儿聚会，只要我们别把这里弄得一塌糊涂就行了。sabotage /ˈsæbətɑːʒ/ [transitive verb]to secretly damage machines or equipment so that they cannot be used, especially in order to harm an enemy 蓄意破坏，阴谋破坏〔敌方的机器或设备〕 The railway line had been sabotaged by enemy commandos. 铁路已被敌方的突击队员破坏了。 Security lighting was sabotaged before the theft took place. 盗窃案发生之前安全照明已遭破坏。sabotage [uncountable noun]when people secretly damage machines or equipment: 蓄意破坏，破坏活动 Armed soldiers patrol the airbase to guard against sabotage. 武装士兵在空军基地巡逻以防止破坏活动。tamper with /ˈtæmpəʳ wɪð/ [transitive phrasal verb]to deliberately and illegally damage or change a part of something in order to prevent it from working properly 擅自乱动，擅自变动；故意破坏〔某物的一部分〕 Someone had tampered with the lock on my door. 有人弄坏了我门上的那把锁。 After the accident, police discovered that the car's brakes had been tampered with. 事故发生之后，警察发现汽车的刹车已被人破坏了。deface /dɪˈfeɪs/ [transitive verb]to deliberately spoil the appearance of something by writing on it, spraying paint on it etc 破坏…的表面〔外观〕；涂污 Several of the gravestones had been defaced and were impossible to read. 有几块墓碑遭人破坏，上面的字已无法辨认。deface something with something The Central Bank issued a statement warning against defacing bank notes with what it called ‘indecent expressions’. 央行发布了一项声明，指责那种以有伤风化的词语污损纸币的行为。desecrate /ˈdesɪkreɪt/ [transitive verb]to damage a church or other holy place 破坏；亵渎〔教堂或其他圣地〕 The church had been desecrated by vandals. 教堂已遭到破坏公物者的亵渎。 Most of the Egyptian tombs were desecrated and robbed. 绝大多数的埃及古墓已遭人破坏和劫掠。desecration /ˌdesɪˈkreɪʃən, ˌdesəˈkreɪʃən/ [uncountable noun]3 when weather/water/chemicals etc slowly damage something 天气、水、化学物等逐渐破坏某物wear away /ˌweər əˈweɪ/ [transitive phrasal verb]if the wind, rain, sea etcwears somethingaway, it very gradually destroys its surface until there is nothing left 〔风、雨、海水等〕磨掉，磨损wear away something The action of the sea is constantly wearing away the cliff face. 大海的波涛在不断磨损悬崖的表面。wear something away Environmentalists are concerned that rock climbers are wearing the crags away in some places. 环境保护主义者很担心那些攀岩者在不断损坏这几处峭壁的某些部分。get worn away The cathedral steps were getting worn away by the feet of thousands of visitors. 大教堂的台阶给成千上万的游客践踏得磨损了。erode /ɪˈrəʊd/ [transitive verb]if water, wind, air etcerodes rock, land, soil etc, it gradually damages it over a long time by removing little pieces of it 〔水、风、空气等〕侵蚀〔岩石、土地、泥土等〕 Caves are formed by water eroding rock. 流水侵蚀岩石，形成了洞穴。 If the river is not controlled, it will erode its banks as well as the surrounding farmland. 如不对这条河加以控制，它就会侵蚀两岸及周边的耕地。erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒən/ [uncountable noun] the erosion of the coastline 海岸线的侵蚀 soil erosion on hillsides 山坡上的土壤侵蚀corrode /kəˈrəʊd/ [transitive verb]if a chemicalcorrodes something metal, it damages it and makes it gradually disappear or become weaker 〔化学品〕腐蚀〔金属〕 Salt corrodes metal. 盐腐蚀金属。 If the batteries leak, they can corrode the case of your flashlight. 电池如果漏液，就会腐蚀电筒的外壳。 The pipework was badly corroded in places. 管道系统某几处已被严重腐蚀。corrosion /kəˈrəʊʒən/ [uncountable noun] The problem is how to protect the metal surface from corrosion. 问题在于如何使金属表面不受腐蚀。corrosive /kəˈrəʊsɪv/ [adjective] a bottle of corrosive acid 一瓶具有腐蚀性的酸rust/rust away /rʌst, ˌrʌst əˈweɪ/ []if something made of ironrusts, it is gradually damaged by a chemical reaction with water and turns red-brown in colour 锈蚀，锈烂 The iron crosses that marked the graves had rusted badly over the years. 墓地上作标志的铁十字架因年深日久而锈蚀得很厉害。 The underside of the car had virtually rusted away. 汽车底部几乎已经锈蚀光了。rust [uncountable noun]4 to damage something by using it 因使用而磨损wear out /ˌweər ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to damage clothes, material, or equipment by wearing them or using them a lot 用坏，磨损〔衣服、物料或设备〕wear out something After only a month Terry had worn out the soles of his shoes. 才一个月，特里就把鞋底穿破了。wear something out If you drive as fast as this all the time, you'll wear the brakes out. 如果你老是把车开得这么快，你会把刹车磨坏的。get worn out The carpet on the stairs is getting worn out. 楼梯上的地毯已开始磨损了。wear /weəʳ/ [uncountable noun]damage caused by continuous use over a long period 磨损 Excessive tyre wear may be caused by faulty brakes. 轮胎过度磨损可能是刹车有故障造成的。heavy weara lot of wear 严重磨损 Dalton said that the machine showed signs of heavy wear and had not been well-maintained. 多尔顿说这部机器有严重磨损的迹象，没有得到妥善保养。wear and tear /ˌweər ən ˈteəʳ/ [noun phrase]the normal amount of damage that is caused to furniture, cars, pieces of equipment etc, by using them 〔家具、汽车或设备等在正常使用过程中造成的〕磨损，损耗wear and tear on Having a large family obviously increases the wear and tear on your furniture. 家里人多显然会增加家具的磨损。normal/everyday wear and tearthe degree of wear and tear you expect 正常/日常磨损 Allowing for normal wear and tear, a washing machine should last at least ten years. 在正常损耗的情况下，一台洗衣机至少应该使用十年。5 physical damage caused by something 由某物造成的物质破坏damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ [uncountable noun]the physicaldamage that spoils the way something looks or the way it works 损失；破坏 It will take many years to repair the damage caused by the floods. 这场洪水造成的破坏要花很多年才能修复。 The vandals did over £20,000 worth of damage. 破坏公物者造成了两万多英镑的损失。damage to New ways of reducing the damage to the environment are urgently needed. 亟需新措施减少对环境的破坏。severe/serious damage Acid rain has caused serious damage to the pine forests of northern Europe. 酸雨已对北欧的松林造成了严重破坏。