BURN1 to burn something2 to burn yourself3 to make something start burning4 to make something stop burning5 to stop burning6 when something is burning7 when something starts burning8 to be destroyed by fire9 something that burns easily10 something that does not burn easilyRELATED WORDSsee alsoFIREHOTEXPLODE1 to burn something 烧某物burn /bɜːʳn/ [transitive verb]to damage or destroy something with fire or heat 烧，焚烧；烧毁 She lit a fire and burned his letters one by one. 她点了火，把他的信一封接一封地烧掉了。burn a hole in somethingmake a hole by burning it 把某物烧个洞 Someone had dropped a cigarette and burned a hole in the carpet. 有人丢了一根香烟，把地毯烧了个洞。burn something to a crisp/cinderdestroy something completely by burning it 把某物烧成灰 Most of his possessions had been burnt to a cinder. 他的大部分东西都被烧成了灰。burnt/burned /bɜːʳnt, bɜːʳnd/ [adjective] The cake is slightly burnt, I'm afraid. 恐怕蛋糕有点烤焦了。burn down /ˌbɜːʳn ˈdaʊn/ [transitive phrasal verb]to completely destroy a building by burning it 彻底烧毁〔建筑物〕burn down something Police believe students are responsible for burning down the school. 警方认为烧毁学校是学生所为。burn something down Her ex-husband threatened to burn the house down with her and the kids inside. 她前夫威胁说要把房子连她和孩子在内一起烧掉。incinerate /ɪnˈsɪnəreɪt/ [transitive verb usually in passive]to destroy unwanted things by burning them in a special machine 〔在特制机器内〕把〔某物〕烧成灰烬 Household waste is usually incinerated after it has been collected. 家居垃圾通常先被收集起来，然后焚毁。 All the clothes that were affected by radiation had to be incinerated. 所有受到辐射的衣服都得焚毁。scorch /skɔːʳtʃ/ [transitive verb]to burn the surface of something and leave a dark mark on it 把〔某物表面〕烤焦；把…烫焦 The heater was left on all night and it scorched the wall. 取暖器开了一夜，把墙壁都烤焦了。 Having the iron on a very high heat can scorch the fabric. 熨斗温度调得太高会把织物烫坏。scorch mark /ˈskɔːʳtʃ mɑːʳk/ [countable noun] This shirt is ruined - there's a big scorch mark on the back. 这件衬衫完了—背上有一大块烫焦的痕迹。singe /sɪndʒ/ [transitive verb]to damage something such as hair, wool, or paper by burning it slightly so that the ends or edges are burnt 把〔头发、羊毛、纸张等末端或边缘〕轻微烧焦 The flames were hot enough to singe your eyebrows. 火焰很烫，会燎到你的眉毛。 The rug was singed by a piece of burning coal that had fallen from the fire. 小地毯被炉火中掉出的一块燃着的煤烧焦了。charred /tʃɑːʳd/ [adjective usually before noun]wood, sticks, bones etc that arecharred are black because they have been damaged by burning 〔木头、棍棒、骨头等〕烧焦的，焦黑的 In the cave they found some charred animal bones. 他们在洞内发现一些烧焦了的动物骨头。 It was nearly impossible to recognize the charred bodies. 要辨认出这些烧焦了的尸体几乎是不可能的。2 to burn yourself 烫伤、烧伤自己burn /bɜːʳn/ [transitive verb]if you burn yourself, you hurt yourself by accidentally touching something hot 烧伤；烫伤burn yourself Don't touch the iron. You'll burn yourself. 别碰熨斗，会烫伤你的。burn your mouth/fingers/arm etc She burnt her arm on a camping stove. 她的手臂碰在野餐炉上烫伤了。be badly/severely/seriously burned/burnt Jerry was badly burned in the explosion. 杰里在爆炸中严重烧伤。burn [countable noun]a mark on your skin where you have been burned 烫伤，烧伤；伤痕 The child had cigarette burns on his arms and legs. 这小孩的臂上和腿上有被香烟烫过的痕迹。severe/serious burns Billy was taken to the hospital with severe burns. 比利的身体被严重烧伤，被送往医院。minor burnsnot serious 轻度烧伤 Jones suffered only minor burns when her house was set ablaze last week. 琼斯家上周被人放火，她只是轻微烧伤。scald /skɔːld/ [transitive verb]to burn yourself with very hot liquid or steam 〔被滚烫的液体或蒸汽〕烫伤scald yourself If you're not careful you'll scald yourself on/with that kettle. 你如果不小心，就会被那个水壶烫伤。scald your arm/leg/hand etc The hot coffee nearly scalded his tongue. 那杯热腾腾的咖啡差点烫伤了他的舌头。3 to make something start burning 使某物燃烧起来set fire to something/set something on fire /set ˈfaɪəʳ tə something, ˌset something ɒn ˈfaɪəʳ/ [verb phrase]to make something start to burn, so that it gets damaged 放火烧某物；使某物燃烧 Vandals set fire to an empty warehouse near the docks last night. 昨夜破坏公物者放火将码头附近的一个空仓库烧毁了。 Teresa wondered if the burning log might set fire to the curtains. 特蕾莎不知道那块燃烧的木头是否会使窗帘着火。 The Vikings attacked villages along the coast and set them on fire. 北欧海盗袭击了沿海的村庄后将其付之一炬。 The heat from the stove almost set the wallpaper on fire. 炉子里散发出来的热力几乎使墙纸燃烧起来。light /laɪt/ [transitive verb]light a cigarette/fire/candle etcto make a cigarette, fire etc start to burn 点烟/点火/点蜡烛等 Ricky sat down and lit a cigarette. 里基坐下后点了一支烟。 We searched around for twigs and fallen branches, so we could light a fire. 我们四处寻找细枝和断落的树枝来生火。torch /tɔːʳtʃ/ [transitive verb]informalto deliberately make something start to burn in order to destroy it 【非正式】故意放火烧毁 It looked to me like someone had torched the place. 依我看是有人故意放火烧了这地方。ignite /ɪgˈnaɪt/ [transitive verb]to make something start to burn, especially something that burns easily such as a gas or chemical 点燃〔煤气或化学品等易燃物〕，使燃烧 The gas is ignited by an electrical spark. 一个电火花点燃了煤气。 If the mixture proves difficult to ignite, increase the proportion of ethylene. 如果发现这混合物难以点燃，那就增加乙烯的比例。4 to make something stop burning 使某物停止燃烧put out /ˌpʊt ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to make a fire stop burning, or make a cigarette, pipe etc stop burning 扑灭；熄灭put out something It took firefighters four hours to put out the blaze. 消防员用了四小时才扑灭了这场大火。 I put out my cigarette and went back into the house. 我熄灭了香烟，回到屋内。put something out She threw sand on the fire to put it out. 她把沙子倒在火上来灭火。extinguish /ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃ/ [transitive verb]formalto make a fire stop burning, or make a cigarette stop burning - used especially in official notices or statements 【正式】熄灭；扑灭〔尤用于官方告示或声明〕 Would all passengers please extinguish their cigarettes? Thank you. 请乘客把香烟熄灭，谢谢。 He managed to extinguish the flames with his coat. 他用外套把火扑灭了。blow out /ˌbləʊ ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to make a flame or fire stop burning by blowing on it 〔把火〕吹灭blow out something You have to blow out all the candles or your wish won't come true. 你得把所有蜡烛都吹灭，否则你许的愿不会实现的。blow something out We tried to light a fire but the wind kept blowing it out. 我们想点着火，但风不断把火吹灭。smother /ˈsmʌðəʳ/ [transitive verb]to cover a fire with something in order to stop it burning 〔把火〕闷熄 I grabbed a blanket and tried to smother the flames. 我抓过一条毯子想把火闷熄。stub out /ˌstʌb ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to stop a cigarette from burning by pushing it against something hard 把〔香烟〕捻熄，弄灭stub out something She stubbed out her cigarette on the edge of the table. 她把烟蒂按到桌边上捻熄了。stub something out Don't stub your cigarette out on the floor! 别把香烟按在地板上捻熄！5 to stop burning 停止燃烧go out /ˌgəʊ ˈaʊt/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a fire, match, flame etc goes out, it stops burning, especially because there is nothing left to burn or something has stopped it burning 〔火、火柴、火焰等〕熄灭 When I got back the fire had gone out. 我回来时火已熄了。 Suddenly the candle went out. 蜡烛突然熄灭了。 Don't let the campfire go out. 别让营火熄了。die down /ˌdaɪ ˈdaʊn/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a fire or flame dies down, it starts to burn less and less strongly 〔火势〕渐渐减弱 The fire slowly died down during the night. 夜里火势逐渐减弱。 The barbecue won't be ready until the flames have died down and the charcoal is glowing. 要到火焰减弱、木炭发红才能开始烧烤野餐。burn itself out /ˌbɜːʳn ɪtself ˈaʊt/ [verb phrase]if a fire burns itself out, it burns until there is nothing left to burn, so that it stops 燃尽，烧完 Firefighters are hoping the blaze will burn itself out before dawn. 消防员希望日出前这场大火会燃尽。 It's only a small fire - we can leave it to burn itself out. 这只是场小火，我们可以让它自己烧完。6 when something is burning 某物在燃烧burn /bɜːʳn/ [transitive verb]to produce flames and heat 燃烧；烧着 A pile of branches was burning in the yard. 院子里有一堆树枝在燃烧。 At one end of the room a coal fire burned brightly. 房间的一端有一堆煤火在熊熊燃烧。 The candle flickered briefly, then burned with a steady flame. 烛火微微摇曳不定，接着便稳定地燃烧起来。burning /ˈbɜːʳnɪŋ/ [adjective only before noun] The smell of burning rubber filled the air. 空气中充满了烧橡胶的气味。 He was 200 yards from the burning ship when it exploded. 船爆炸时，他离燃烧着的船200码远。be on fire /biː ɒn ˈfaɪəʳ/ [verb phrase]if a building, vehicle, or piece of clothing is on fire, it is burning 〔楼房、汽车或衣服等〕着火；起火 Large areas of the forest are reported to be on fire. 据报道，大片森林在燃烧。 Before long the neighboring houses were on fire too. 不久，邻近的房屋也都着火烧了起来。be in flamesalsobe ablaze /biː ɪn ˈfleɪmz, biː əˈbleɪz/ [verb phrase]to be on fire with a lot of flames, causing serious damage 熊熊燃烧 When the fire department arrived the whole school was in flames. 消防队赶到时，整座学校已在熊熊大火之中了。 Twelve hours after the bombing raid, many parts of the city were still ablaze. 轰炸结束12小时后，城中许多地方仍在熊熊燃烧。blazing /ˈbleɪzɪŋ/ [adjective only before noun]burning very brightly with a lot of flames and heat 熊熊燃烧着的 They sat on the sofa in front of a blazing fire. 他们坐在沙发上，面对着熊熊燃烧着的炉火。 The heat from the blazing car could be felt several metres away. 燃烧着的汽车所散发出的热力几米之外都可以感觉到。smoulderBritish/smolderAmerican /ˈsməʊldəʳ/ [intransitive verb]to burn slowly, producing smoke but no flames 闷燃，无火焰地慢慢烧 The fire in the chemical factory was so intense that it was still smouldering a week later. 化工厂的火非常猛烈，一周之后仍在闷燃不熄。 A cigarette smoldered in the ashtray. 一根香烟在烟灰缸里闷燃着。 a pile of smoldering leaves 一堆闷燃着的树叶flicker /ˈflɪkəʳ/ [intransitive verb]if a fire or flameflickers, it burns unsteadily 〔火或火焰〕摇曳；闪烁 A welcoming fire flickered in the grate. 壁炉里的火忽隐忽现，令人感到惬意。 Inside the shrine candles flicker next to statues of saints. 圣殿内烛光摇曳，旁边是一尊尊圣像。7 when something starts burning 某物开始燃烧catch fire /ˌkætʃ ˈfaɪəʳ/alsocatch on fire /ˌkætʃ ɒn ˈfaɪəʳ/especially American [verb phrase]to start burning accidentally 着火；起火 Two farm workers died when a barn caught fire yesterday. 昨天一座谷仓着火时烧死了两名农场工人。 The car turned over, but luckily it didn't catch fire. 汽车翻了身，幸好没起火燃烧。 There was an explosion, and the whole garage caught on fire. 爆炸后整个车库烧了起来。burst into flames /ˌbɜːʳst ɪntə ˈfleɪmz/ [verb phrase]to suddenly start burning and produce a lot of flames that cause serious damage 突然起火 The plane crashed into the side of the mountain and burst into flames. 飞机坠毁在山的一侧，立刻燃起了大火。 Without warning the toaster burst into flames. 烤面包机在没有任何先兆下起火了。go up (in flames) /ˌgəʊ ʌp ɪn ˈfleɪmz/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a building or vehiclegoes up orgoes up in flames, it starts burning very quickly and usually is destroyed by fire 〔建筑物或汽车〕起火燃烧 Be careful with those matches, or the whole place will go up in flames! 用那火柴要小心，不然这整个地方会被大火烧毁的！ The fire spread slowly until it reached the gas cylinders, then the factory went up in flames. 火缓缓地蔓延到煤气瓶那里，之后整座工厂就猛烈燃烧起来。 If the oil tanker goes up, it could burn for weeks. 如果油轮起火，就会烧几个星期。break out /ˌbreɪk ˈaʊt/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a firebreaks out, it starts burning accidentally and spreads very quickly 〔火灾〕突然发生 Over £20,000 worth of damage was caused when a fire broke out in the cellar. 酒窖突然起火，造成了两万多英镑的损失。 Would you know what to do if a fire broke out in your school? 要是学校里失火你知道怎么办吗？flare up /ˌfleər ˈʌp/ [intransitive phrasal verb]to suddenly begin to burn, or suddenly burn much more strongly than before, with a strong, bright flame 〔火〕突然烧起来；突然烧旺 The spilled gasoline suddenly flared up in a sheet of flame. 溢出的汽油猛地燃烧起来，霎时间一片大火。 They threw some dry wood onto the bonfire and it flared up, showering sparks into the night sky. 他们往篝火里丢了几块干柴，火焰一下蹿了起来，火花迸入了夜空中。ignite /ɪgˈnaɪt/ [intransitive verb]to start burning 燃烧，点燃，着火 Scientists could not explain why the gas had suddenly ignited. 科学家无法解释汽油突然起火的原因。 The compound ignites at 450 degrees Celsius. 这种混合物在摄氏450度开始燃烧。8 to be destroyed by fire 被火烧毁burn down /ˌbɜːʳn ˈdaʊn/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a buildingburns down, it is completely destroyed by fire 〔建筑物〕被烧毁 Charlene has lived with relatives since her house burned down. 查伦的房子被烧毁后，她就一直和亲戚住在一起。 The hotel burnt down in 1990. 该旅馆于1990年被焚毁。gutted /ˈgʌtɪd, ˈgʌtəd/ [adjective not usually before noun]a building that isgutted is still standing, but its inside has been completely destroyed by fire 〔建筑物〕内部被烧毁的 ‘Was there anything worth saving after the fire?’ ‘No, the place is completely gutted.’ “大火之后还有没有什么值得捡回的东西？”“没有，内部的东西全被烧毁了。” a street full of gutted buildings 满是被烧空的建筑物的街道gut [transitive verb] A blaze gutted the dance hall last April. 去年4月份一场大火把舞厅烧了个精光。burnt-outespecially British/burned-outespecially American /ˌbɜːʳnt ˈaʊt◂, ˌbɜːʳnd ˈaʊt◂/ [adjective usually before noun]a building or a vehicle that isburnt-out orburned-out has had everything inside it destroyed by fire 〔建筑物或车辆〕内部被烧毁的，被烧空的 In the main square the burnt-out shell of the Palace of Justice still smouldered. 主广场上，内部已被烧毁的司法官仍在闷燃着。 The van was burned-out and completely blackened by smoke. 那辆客货车内部已被烧毁，车身被烟完全熏黑了。9 something that burns easily 易燃物品burn /bɜːʳn/ [intransitive verb]to be able to be burned 能够燃烧 Does styrofoam burn? 聚苯乙烯烧得起来吗?burn well/easily/badly etc Hard woods generally don't burn well. 硬木一般都不易燃烧。flammablealsoinflammable /ˈflæməbəl, ɪnˈflæməbəl/ [adjective]materials, chemicals, or gases that areflammable orinflammable will start burning very easily and quickly, so they can be dangerous 〔原材料、化学品或气体〕易燃的 The report stated that inflammable substances were found near the building's heating system. 报告指出在大楼取暖系统附近发现了易燃物质。highly inflammable/flammableextremely flammable 高度易燃的 Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas. 氢是高度易燃气体。10 something that does not burn easily 不易燃烧的物品fireproof /ˈfaɪəʳpruːf/ [adjective]not easily damaged by flames 不易燃烧的；防火的 Theatre curtains have to be fireproof. 戏院的幕布必须防火。flameproof/flame-resistant /ˈfleɪmpruːf, ˈfleɪm rɪˌzɪstənt/ [adjective]clothes or substances such as glass that areflameproof orflame-resistant have been specially made so that they are not damaged by fire 〔衣服或玻璃等物质〕耐火的，防火的 Heat the mixture in a flameproof dish. 在耐火盘中把混合物加热。 Children's pajamas are usually made from flame-resistant material. 儿童的睡衣通常用防火材料制成。