STOPto stop doing something1 to stop doing something2 what you say when you tell someone to stop doing something3 to stop doing something without successfully completing it4 to stop doing an activity that you used to do regularly5 to stop a bad or unhealthy habit6 to stop having a particular type of food or drink7 to stop working at the end of the day or during the day8 to stop working at the end of your working life9 words for describing something that you are unable to stop doingto stop moving10 to stop walking, running etc11 when a vehicle stops moving12 when a bus, train etc regularly stops at particular places13 to make someone stop movingto stop happening14 to stop happening15 to gradually stop happeningto stop something that is happening16 to make something stop happening or continuing17 to stop something quickly before it has time to develop18 to stop normal work or services from continuing19 to end the use of a system, service, or organization20 to stop something bad or illegal that people are doing21 to stop opposition to a government22 to end a relationship23 a process that cannot be stoppedto prevent something from happening24 to prevent someone from doing what they want to do25 to make sure that something does not happen26 to prevent a plan or action from succeeding27 to stop people from expressing their opinions28 to stop yourself from having or showing a feeling29 a problem that prevents you from achieving something30 to prevent someone from going somewhere31 intended to prevent something happening32 something that can be preventedRELATED WORDSoppositeSTARTto finish doing something 完成做某事FINISHto stop for a short time 暂停PAUSE1 to stop doing something 停止做某事stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to no longer do something that you had been doing 停下，停止 He wrote quickly, but from time to time he stopped and looked out of the window. 他写得很快，但不时停下来看看窗外。stop doing something I stopped reading and turned out the light. 我放下手中的书，关上了灯。 Please will you all stop making so much noise! 请你们别这么大声好不好！stop what you are doing Could you stop what you are doing and pay attention, please? 你们停下手头的事注意听，好吗？stop for lunch/coffee/a break etc What time do you want to stop for lunch? 你们想什么时候停下来吃午饭？finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to stop doing something because you have completed it 结束，完成 She spoke for ten minutes, and when she had finished the audience cheered. 她讲了十分钟，结束后听众欢呼了起来。 We should have finished the job by next week. 下个星期我们应该做完这工作了。finish doing something Have you finished reading the papers? 你看完报纸了吗？ After you've finished painting the house you can start on the garage. 你油漆好房子之后，可以开始油漆车库。quit /kwɪt/ [intransitive/transitive verb]especially American, spokento stop doing something, especially something that annoys other people 【尤美，口】停止〔做恼人的事情〕quit doing something I wish he'd quit bothering me. 我希望他别来烦我。 They should quit complaining and just get on with their job! 他们应该停止抱怨，好好干活！cease /siːs/ [intransitive/transitive verb]formalto stop doing something 【正式】停止，终止 All conversation ceased as the two police officers entered. 两名警察进来，所有谈话都停止了。 The factory has now ceased production and will close next month. 现在工厂已经停止生产，下个月就要关闭了。cease doing something The mill ceased operating commercially two years ago. 这家工厂两年前停止商业运营。cease to do something Many of these firms have now ceased to exist. 这些公司有很多现在已经不存在了。2 what you say when you tell someone to stop doing something 叫某人停止做某事时说的话stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive/transitive verb]spoken Stop what you're doing when the buzzer sounds. 蜂鸣器一响就停下来。stop doing something Will you please stop talking and listen to me! 你们不要讲话，听我说好不好！stop it/that Stop it! You're hurting me. 住手！你弄痛我了。quit /kwɪt/ [intransitive/transitive verb]American spokensay this to tell someone to stop doing something because it annoys you 【美口】停止〔做恼人的事情〕quit it/that Quit that! You're driving me crazy. 停止！你都快把我逼疯了。 I hated the way she was teasing me. ‘Quit it!’ I said. 我不喜欢她这样取笑我。“闭嘴！”我说道。quit doing something Quit fooling around and pay attention. 别再瞎闹，专心一点。cut it outalsopack it inBritish /ˌkʌt ɪt ˈaʊt, ˌpæk ɪt ˈɪn/ [verb phrase]use this to tell someone to stop doing something because it annoys you 住手，停止〔做恼人的事情〕 Come on, you two, cut it out! 好了，你们俩，快住手！ Just cut it out, Jim. Stop acting like a kid. 好了，吉姆，别表现得像小孩子一样。 Oh, pack it in you lot, or we're going straight home. 噢，你们别闹了，否则我们直接回家。lay off /ˌleɪ ˈɒf/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb]say this when you want someone to stop doing or saying something that is annoying you 停止〔用于叫某人停止做烦人的事或说烦人的话〕 Look, I don't want to argue with you, so just lay off. 你听我说，我不想和你吵，所以别来烦我。 Lay off the swearing, if you don't mind. 我求求你不要再咒骂了，好不好。 Hey, lay off Vinnie, will you? He hasn't done you any harm. 嘿，放过文尼好吗？他又没犯着你。3 to stop doing something without successfully completing it 没有做成而停止做某事give up /ˌgɪv ˈʌp/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb]to stop trying to do something because it is too difficult or because you are not determined enough 放弃〔因为太难或决心不够〕 I made several attempts to repair the damage, but gave up in the end. 我几次试图修理破损的地方，但最后都放弃了。 Come on, don't give up yet! 好了，不要现在就放弃！give up something We will never give up our struggle. 我们永远不会放弃我们的斗争。give up doing something I've given up trying to get her to change her mind. 我已经放弃劝她改变主意了。give something up We did start a protest, but gave it up when we realized we would never be successful. 我们是发起过抗议，但是后来意识到我们是不可能成功的，所以就放弃了。quit /kwɪt/ [intransitive/transitive verb]especially Americanto stop doing something before you have successfully completed it 【尤美】放弃 Bill was cold, hungry and tired and he wanted to quit. 比尔又冷又饿又累，他想不干了。 She was having a lot of trouble finding a job, but she refused to quit. 她找工作碰到不少困难，但她不愿放弃。quit doing something I knew I'd never be any good at school, so I just quit trying. 我自知在学校里成绩不会好的，所以就放弃了努力。abandon /əˈbændən/ [transitive verb]to stop doing something that you had planned or started, because there are too many other problems involved 放弃〔已经安排好或已经开始的事情，因为困难太多〕 The government has now abandoned its plans to privatize parts of the health service. 政府现已放弃了将部分医疗保健服务私有化的方案。 All attempts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict have now been abandoned. 和平解决这场冲突的所有努力，现在都已经放弃了。 Owing to rough weather, the coast guard had been forced to abandon the search. 由于天气恶劣，海岸警卫队被迫放弃搜索。drop /drɒpǁdrɑːp/ [transitive verb]to stop doing something that you have already started or that you intended to do 放弃，搁置〔已经开始或本来打算要做的事情〕 Because of strong opposition, the government has dropped plans to increase taxes on fuel. 由于遭到强烈的反对，政府已放弃了提高燃油税的方案。drop everything I'm too busy to just drop everything and go out for the day. 我太忙了，不可能放下一切出去一天。leave it at that /ˌliːv ɪt ət ˈðæt/ [verb phrase]informalto stop doing something because you are satisfied that you have done enough 【非正式】这样就可以了，就到此为止 We've got most of the heavy work done, so I think we can leave it at that for today. 繁重的工作大多已经做好了，所以我想今天我们就到此为止吧。4 to stop doing an activity that you used to do regularly 停止以前经常做的活动stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive/transitive verb] I used to play a lot of tennis, but I had to stop when I injured my knee. 我以前经常打网球，但是后来膝盖受伤了，就只得停止。stop doing something I stopped going to church after I left home. 我离开家之后就不再去教堂了。 There's not much demand for this type of car, so we stopped making them. 这种类型的汽车需求量不大，所以我们就停止生产了。give up /ˌgɪv ˈʌp/ [transitive phrasal verb]to stop doing something that you used to do regularly, for example because you are no longer physically able to do it 放弃〔如因身体不行等原因〕give up doing something As he grew older he gave up going for walks and seldom went out. 随着年龄越来越大，他放弃了散步的习惯，很少出门了。 After the accident she had to give up riding and farming. 发生事故以后，她放弃了骑马，也不干农活了。give up something He gave up his job so that he could look after his wife. 他辞去工作以便照顾妻子。give something up I used to really enjoy dancing, but I had to give it up after I became ill. 我以前很喜欢跳舞，可是生病以后，我就不得不放弃这个爱好。drop /drɒpǁdrɑːp/ [transitive verb]to stop studying a subject at school, college, or university 放弃〔一门学科〕 I think I may drop French next year and concentrate on my other languages. 我想下个学期可能要放弃学习法语，集中精力学其他语言。 You can drop one subject at the end of this year if you're finding you've got too much work. 如果你觉得功课太重，年底的时候可以放弃一门学科。5 to stop a bad or unhealthy habit 戒除不良嗜好stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive/transitive verb] She had smoked for nearly twenty years before she finally managed to stop. 她抽了将近20年的烟，后来终于戒掉了。stop doing something The health advice to people is simple - stop eating so much fat and eat more fruit and vegetables. 给人们的健康忠告很简单——不要吃那么多脂肪，要多吃水果和蔬菜。quit /kwɪt/ [intransitive/transitive verb]informalto stop doing something that that has been an unhealthy or harmful habit 【非正式】戒掉〔不健康或有害的习惯〕 If you've smoked for a long time it can be very difficult to quit. 如果你抽了很长时间的烟就很难戒掉。quit doing something They told me at the hospital to quit drinking for a while. 医院里的医生叫我暂时戒一段时间酒。 I quit taking the pills because they were making me put on weight. 我把药停了，因为这些药使我体重增加了。give up /geɪv ʌp/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb]to stop doing something such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking drugs because it is harmful or unhealthy 戒除〔烟、酒、毒品等有害或不健康的嗜好〕 If you smoke, try to give up or at least cut down. 如果你抽烟，那就尽量戒掉，或最起码要少抽。 She gave up drinking over 10 years ago. 十多年前她戒了酒。break the habit/kick the habit /ˌbreɪk ðə ˈhæbt, ˌkɪk ðə ˈhæbt/ [verb phrase]informalto stop doing something that has been a habit for a long time, especially a bad or dangerous habit 【非正式】改掉坏习惯 The centre provides help for addicts who have kicked their habit and want to stay away from drugs. 这个中心为已经戒毒并且想远离毒品的人提供帮助。 Some smokers use hypnosis to help them kick the habit. 有些抽烟者借助催眠术来戒烟。come off /ˌkʌm ˈɒf/ [transitive phrasal verb not in passive]to stop taking medicine or drugs that you have been taking regularly 戒掉，不再服用〔经常服用的药或毒品〕 The doctor told me I could come off the drugs six months after the operation. 医生告诉我，动完手术六个月以后，我可以不用服药了。 People need help to come off hard drugs like heroin and cocaine. 人们要依靠帮助来戒除海洛因和可卡因这一类硬毒品。grow out of /ˌgrəʊ ˈaʊt ɒv/ [transitive phrasal verb]if a childgrows out of a habit, he or she stops doing it as they get older 因长大而改掉〔某个习惯〕grow out of it Wetting the bed is a common problem, but children nearly always grow out of it. 尿床是个常见的问题，不过小孩子大了差不多都会改掉的。 He became obsessed with football at the age of four, and he's never grown out of it! 他在四岁的时候开始迷上足球，就一直沉湎其中！6 to stop having a particular type of food or drink 停止食用某种食物或饮料cut out /ˌkʌt ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to stop eating a particular type of food, especially for health reasons 停止食用〔某类食品，尤指出于健康原因〕 With this diet, I have to cut out bread, cookies, and cakes. 按这样的饮食规定，我不能吃面包、曲奇饼和蛋糕。 Try cutting out red meat and dairy produce, and see if your symptoms improve. 试试不吃红肉和乳制品，看你的症状会不会好转。lay off /ˌleɪ ˈɒf/ [transitive phrasal verb]spokento stop eating, drinking, or using a particular type of food, drink, or drug, especially for health reasons 【口】停止食用〔服用〕〔某类食品或药物，尤指出于健康原因〕 I'm trying to lay off rich food for a while to lose some weight. 我想停吃油腻的食物一段时间来减点体重。 If he really wants to write the book, he'll need to lay off the drink until he does it. 如果他真的想写这本书，就应该戒酒，写完后再喝。7 to stop working at the end of the day or during the day 一天结束时或一天当中停止工作stop work /ˌstɒp ˈwɜːʳkǁˌstɑːp-/ [verb phrase]British We stop work at half past three on Fridays. 我们逢星期五3点半下班。 They stopped work for a few minutes to consider his offer. 他们停止工作几分钟，考虑他的提议。finish work /ˌfɪnɪʃ ˈwɜːʳk/ [verb phrase]especially Britishto stop work at the end of the day 【尤英】〔一天结束时〕下班 What time do you finish work? 你什么时候下班？finishfinish work 下班 I don't finish until seven tonight, so I'll be late home. 我今晚7点才可以下班，所以要晚一点回家。knock off /ˌnɒk ˈɒfǁˌnɑːk-/ [intransitive phrasal verb]spokento stop work - use this especially to talk about a particular time that you stop work 【口】下班〔尤用于谈及一个特定的时间〕 Is it OK if I knock off a little early tonight? 我今晚稍早些下班行吗? I usually knock off at about six. 我通常6点钟左右下班。call it a day /ˌkɔːl ɪt ə ˈdeɪ/ [verb phrase]informalto decide to stop working because you have done enough work, because you are very tired, or because it is late 【非正式】就到此为止，收工〔因干了足够的活、非常疲倦或天已晚〕 We realized we weren't going to get the job finished, so we decided to call it a day. 我们意识到我们完成不了这工作，于是决定今天到此为止。 Look, we're all tired - let's call it a day. 瞧，我们都累了一今天就到此为止吧。pack up /ˌpæk ˈʌp/ [intransitive phrasal verb]Britishto stop work, put away your work equipment, and go home 【英】收工 Everyone packed up and went home. 大家都收工回家了。 OK, guys - it's time to pack up now. 好了，各位，现在该收工了。8 to stop working at the end of your working life 退休retire /rɪˈtaɪəʳ/ [intransitive verb] Mrs Davies retired after 45 years with the company. 戴维斯夫人在公司干了45年以后退休了。 Everyone should have the right to a pension when they retire. 每个人在退休的时候都应该有权领取养老金。 My father retired at 65. 我父亲在65岁退休。retirement [uncountable noun] Since her retirement she's been spending more time with her grandchildren. 自退休以后，她花了更多的时间和孙辈们在一起。 He was determined to enjoy his retirement. 他下决心要好好享受退休的生活。early retirementbefore the usual or official age 提前退休 More and more police officers are taking early retirement. 越来越多的警察提前退休。9 words for describing something that you are unable to stop doing 描述某事没法停下不做的词语compulsive /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/ [adjective]compulsive behaviour/gambling/eating etcsomething, especially something harmful, that you do because you cannot stop yourself 强迫性的行为/赌博/进食等 Her problem is her compulsive eating. 她有强迫性进食的问题。 Compulsive behaviour is often a symptom of deeper psychological problems. 强迫性行为往往是更深层的心理问题的一个症状。a compulsive liar/eater/gambler etcsomeone who is unable to stop lying, eating etc 说谎/进食/赌博等成瘾的人 He's a compulsive liar -- you can't believe a word he says. 他说谎成性—一个字都不能相信。10 to stop walking, running etc 停止走路、跑步等stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive verb] I was exhausted, and had to stop and rest. 我累极了，只得停下来休息。 Stop! Wait a minute! 停下来！等一会儿！ I saw Maria and stopped to say hello. 我看到玛丽亚，于是停下来打了个招呼。 We stopped at the next village to get supplies. 我们在临近的一个村子停下来补充物资。come to a halt /ˌkʌm tʊ ə ˈhɔːlt/ [verb phrase]to slow down and stop 慢慢停下来 The group of tourists came to a halt outside the museum. 旅游团在博物馆外面停了下来。 He walked back across the restaurant and came to a halt beside our table. 他从餐厅的那头折回来，在我们的桌子旁边停了下来。stop dead/stop dead in your tracks /ˌstɒp ˈded, stɒp ˌded ɪn jɔːʳ ˈtræksǁˌstɑːp-/ [verb phrase]to suddenly stop, especially because something has surprised or frightened you or you suddenly notice it 〔尤因受到惊吓或注意到某物而〕突然止步，怔住 Katie stopped dead and stared at him. 凯蒂突然停了下来盯着他看。 Francesca stopped dead in her tracks. ‘What did you just say?’ she demanded. 弗朗西丝卡一怔，“你刚才说什么？”她问道。freeze /friːz/ [intransitive verb]to stop moving very suddenly and stay completely still and quiet 〔突然〕停住不动 I froze, and listened. Someone was in my apartment. 我站着不动地听着，有人在我的屋里。 Captain O'Leary raised his gun and shouted ‘Freeze!’ 奥利里上尉举起枪喊道：“不许动！”11 when a vehicle stops moving 车辆停止移动stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive verb]if a vehicle or its driverstops, the vehicle stops moving 〔汽车或驾驶员〕停下来 Could you stop just here on the left? 你就在这里靠左边停下来好吗？ We'd better stop at the next gas station. 我们最好在下一个加油站停一停。 A yellow car stopped outside the house. 一辆黄色的汽车停在房子的外面。pull up /ˌpʊl ˈʌp/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a car or its driverpulls up, the car comes closer to something or someone and stops 〔汽车或驾驶员靠近某物或某人〕停下来pull up at/outside/next to etc We pulled up at a small cafe just outside Bordeaux. 我们在波尔多外面的一家小咖啡馆门前停了车。 A blue van pulled up behind us. 一辆蓝色的小型货车在我们后面停了下来。pull in /ˌpʊl ˈɪn/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a car or its driverpulls in, the driver stops the car at the side of the road or in a parking space 〔汽车或驾驶员在路边或停车场〕停下来，停靠 I rounded the corner, looking for a place to pull in. 我绕过弯角，找地方停靠。 Jeff parked in front of the house and I pulled in beside him. 杰夫把车停在房子前面，我也开到他旁边停了下来。pull over /ˌpʊl ˈəʊvəʳ/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a car or its driverpulls over, the driver drives to the side of the road and stops 〔汽车或驾驶员〕在路边停靠 A policeman was standing by the side of the road, signalling to me to pull over. 一名警察站在路旁，示意我把车停在路边。 I pulled over and looked at the map. 我在路边停下来查看地图。 The truck pulled over and a man got out. 卡车在路边停下来，一名男子走出来。come to a stop/come to a halt /ˌkʌm tʊ ə ˈstɒpǁ-ˈstɑːp, ˌkʌm tʊ ə ˈhɔːlt/ [verb phrase]especially writtento gradually get slower and then stop 【尤书面】渐渐停下来 The taxi came to a stop outside the hotel. 出租车在旅馆外面停了下来。 The bus slowed down and came to a halt at some traffic lights. 公共汽车在一个红绿灯处减速停了下来。come to a sudden/abrupt halt/stop As Jamie spoke, the train came to an abrupt halt, nearly throwing us all on the floor. 杰米正说着，火车突然停车，差一点把我们都摔到地板上去。come to a standstill/grind to a halt /ˌkʌm tʊ ə ˈstændstɪl, ˌgraɪnd tʊ ə ˈhɔːlt/ [verb phrase]especially writtento gradually get slower and then stop completely - use this about traffic or about a vehicle 【尤书面】〔交通〕陷于停顿；〔车辆〕逐渐停下来 The train came to a standstill about a mile outside Abbeville and didn't move for 20 minutes. 火车在阿比维尔以外一英里的地方停了下来，等了20分钟。 Traffic in the city ground to a halt as the streets filled with angry demonstrators. 满街都是愤怒的示威者，市内交通陷于停顿。brake /breɪk/ [intransitive verb]if a vehicle or its driverbrakes, the driver makes it slow down or stop by using the brakes 〔汽车或驾驶员〕刹车〔使减速或停住〕 I saw a roadblock ahead, and braked. 我看到前面有路障，就踩了刹车。brake hard/sharply A bus came round the corner and braked sharply. 一辆公共汽车从转弯的地方开过来，并紧急刹车。slam on the brakes /ˌslæm ɒn ðə ˈbreɪks/ [verb phrase]to make a car, bus etc stop very suddenly by pressing very hard on the brakes 猛力踩刹车 I slammed on the brakes, skidding to a stop. 我猛力踩下刹车，汽车滑着停了下来。12 when a bus, train etc regularly stops at particular places 公共汽车、火车等定时在某地停靠stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive verb]if a train or busstops at a place, it regularly stops there to let people on and off 〔火车或公共汽车定时在某地〕停靠 Does this train stop at Lyon? 这列火车在里昂停吗? The bus stops at the top of the hill. 那辆公共汽车在山顶停靠。stop [countable noun]a place where a bus, train stops: 车站 Excuse me, could you tell me what the next stop is? 请问下一站是哪里？ We need to get off at the next stop. 我们要在下一站下车。call at /ˈkɔːl æt/ [transitive phrasal verb]Britishif a train or bus calls at a particular place, it stops there as part of its regular journey to let people on and off 【英】〔火车或公共汽车在固定的站点〕停靠，沿途停靠 This is the 14:30 to Bristol, calling at Reading and Bath. 本班车于14：30开往布里斯托尔，沿途停靠雷丁和巴斯。 Does this train call at York? 这列火车在约克停吗？13 to make someone stop moving 使某人停住stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [transitive verb] The police are stopping drivers to ask questions about the accident. 警察截停司机查问事故的经过。 The truck was stopped by customs officers for a routine check. 卡车被海关人员拦下来做例行检查。 A man stopped me in the street and asked if I knew where the theatre was. 街上有个人把我叫住，问我剧院在哪里。restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/ [transitive verb]to hold someone so that they cannot move forward or attack someone 制止，阻止〔某人上前或袭击某人〕 It took three men to restrain him. 三个男人才制住了他。 Mary got up to go after them, but I put out my arm to restrain her. 玛丽站起来追他们，我张开手臂拦住了她。hold back /ˌhəʊld ˈbæk/ [transitive phrasal verb]to prevent someone from moving forward or into a place 拦住，拦截 They put up huge barriers to hold back the crowd. 他们设了很大的障碍来拦人群。 My father held me back, otherwise I would have rushed up onto the stage. 要不是我父亲拦着我，我早就冲上台去了。stop somebody dead/stop somebody (dead) in their tracks /ˌstɒp somebody ˈded, ˌstɒp somebody ˌded ɪn ðeəʳ ˈtræksǁˌstɑːp-/ [verb phrase]to surprise or frighten you, so that you stop suddenly 使某人怔住〔突然停下〕 Seeing the policeman there stopped me dead. I didn't know what to do. 看到有警察，我一下子呆住了，不知道怎么办。 Jim was stopped in his tracks by the sound of a rifle behind him. 吉姆听到身后的枪声，一下子怔住了。flag down /ˌflæg ˈdaʊn/ [transitive phrasal verb]to stop a car that is coming towards you by waving your arms 挥手示意〔车辆〕停下flag down something I managed to flag down a passing car and ask for help. 我设法拦下一辆过路的车请求帮助。flag something/somebody down The patrolman stepped out in front of the truck to flag it down. 巡警走出来站到卡车前面，挥手示意让它停下。pull over /ˌpʊl ˈəʊvə/ [transitive phrasal verb]if someone, especially a police officerpulls you over, they make you stop driving and park at the side of the road 〔尤指警察〕使…驶向路边停下 The police pulled me over and checked my licence. 警察让我把车开到路边停下，检查我的驾驶执照。 He got pulled over on the way home and had to take a breath test. 他在回家的路上被拦下来做呼气测醉试验。intercept /ˌɪntəʳˈsept/ [transitive verb]to stop something such as a boat or plane, before it has finished its journey or achieved its purpose 拦截，截住，阻截〔船或飞机等〕 Two British ships were sent to intercept the convoy. 两艘英国船被派去拦截船队。 All three fighter planes were intercepted and destroyed. 三架战斗机都被拦截并击毁了。14 to stop happening 停止发生stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [intransitive verb] It seemed the fighting would never stop. 这场战斗似乎永远不会结束。 Catherine stood watching the rain, hoping it would stop soon. 凯瑟琳站着看雨，希望它快点停。 Suddenly, the cheering stopped and there was a deathly silence. 突然，欢呼声停了，出现了一片死寂。 This waste of the earth's resources must stop. 这种浪费地球资源的行为必须停止。come to an end /ˌkʌm tʊ ən ˈend/ [verb phrase]if something that has been happening for a long timecomes to an end, it stops happening 〔发生已久之事〕结束，告终 When we had children, all our trips to theatres and cinemas came to an end. 我们有了孩子之后，就再也没有去看过戏和电影了。 Research at the college came to an end in 1870. 1870年，学院里的研究工作结束了。 All good things must come to an end. 好的事情都有终结的时候。cease /siːs/ [intransitive verb]formalto stop happening 【正式】停止，终止 Hostilities between the two countries have now ceased. 两国之间现在已经停战。 Presently, the rain ceased and the sun came out. 此刻，雨停了，太阳出来了。cease altogetherstop completely 完全停止 The sound of gunfire gradually receded and then ceased altogether. 炮火声渐渐平息，后来完全停了。15 to gradually stop happening 逐渐停止发生fizzle out /ˌfɪzəl ˈaʊt/ [intransitive phrasal verb]informalto gradually end in a disappointing way - use this about an activity, a relationship, or people's interest in something 【非正式】〔令人失望地〕逐渐结束〔用于指活动、关系或某人对某事的兴趣〕 Their romance fizzled out after a few months. 他们的浪漫情事几个月以后就告吹了。 The movie made a great start, but the action seemed to fizzle out halfway through. 这部电影开头很不错，但是从中间开始就越演越差，最后草草收场。peter out /ˌpiːtər ˈaʊt/ [intransitive phrasal verb]to gradually become less and less and then stop happening completely 逐渐停止 By midday the rain had petered out. 中午时分，雨渐渐停了。 The road petered out into a muddy track. 路越来越窄，最后成了一条泥泞的小径。 The protest campaign petered out after a few weeks. 几个星期以后，抗议活动渐渐平息。wear off /ˌweər ˈɒf/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if pain or the effect of somethingwears off, it gradually becomes less until it stops completely 〔疼痛或某事的作用〕渐渐消失 The effects of the anaesthetic will wear off within a few hours. 麻醉效果会在几个小时里逐渐消失。 The shock has not worn off yet and he seems to be walking around in a daze. 震惊还没有过去，他好像游魂似的，精神恍惚地四处走。the novelty wears offwhen you stop feeling interested or excited about something because it is no longer new 新鲜感慢慢消失 The kids spent hours on the computer at first, but the novelty soon wore off. 起初孩子们花很长时间玩电脑，但是新鲜感很快就消失了。fade away /ˌfeɪd əˈweɪ/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a soundfades away, it gradually gets quieter and finally stops 〔声音〕逐渐消失 He waited until the sound of the engines had faded away. 他等到引擎声逐渐消失。 As the music faded away the audience broke into enthusiastic applause. 音乐渐渐停止，观众中爆发出热烈的掌声。16 to make something stop happening or continuing 使某事停止发生或继续下去stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [transitive verb]to make someonestop doing something, or make somethingstop happening 使停止，使结束 The referee stopped the fight when one of the boxers was badly injured. 其中一名拳击手严重受伤，裁判就终止了这场拳赛。 It is now time to stop the war and begin negotiations for peace. 是时候结束战争，开始和平谈判了。 Officials are planning to take court action to stop publication of the book. 官员们打算采取法律手段，阻止这本书的出版。stop somebody doing something I gave my little brother some chocolate to stop him crying. 我给我的小弟弟一些巧克力让他别哭。put an end to /ˌpʊt ən ˈend tuː/ [verb phrase]to stop something, especially so that it never starts again 终止，结束〔尤使之永远不会再开始〕 An injury like this could put an end to her dancing career. 像这样的伤有可能会结束她的舞蹈生涯。 The outbreak of war put an end to their romance. 战争的爆发结束了他俩的恋爱。bring to an end /ˌbrɪŋ tʊ ən ˈend/ [verb phrase]to finally and permanently end something that has continued for a long time 结束〔持续很久的事情〕，使〔永久地〕停止bring something to an end A treaty was signed which finally brought the conflict to an end. 条约的签订终于使冲突结束了。bring to an end something There are calls for the Prime Minister to bring to an end the uncertainty about the election date. 各方在呼吁首相结束这种没有确定选举日期的局面。halt /hɔːlt/ [transitive verb]to make something stop changing, developing, or progressing 使〔改变、发展或进展〕停止，使停下 The government is determined to halt the trade in illegal animal furs. 政府决心停止非法的动物毛皮交易。 All his efforts had failed to halt the increase in street crime. 他的种种努力都未能阻止街头犯罪的增长。call off /ˌkɔːl ˈɒf/ [transitive phrasal verb]to decide that a planned action or activity should be stopped after it has already started 取消〔已计划好、并已经开始的行动或活动〕 The union decided to call off the strike when they were offered a 10% pay rise. 工资提升10%以后，工会决定取消这次罢工。 The meeting was called off at the last minute. 这次会议在最后一刻取消了。 The hunt for the missing boy had to be called off because of severe weather conditions. 由于天气恶劣，寻找失踪男孩的行动不得不终止。cut short /ˌkʌt ˈʃɔːʳt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to stop an activity earlier than was planned, especially because of something unexpected such as illness or bad news 〔尤因发生了意想不到的事，如疾病或坏消息而〕提早结束，使中断 She was forced to cut short her holiday and return to the UK. 她只得提早结束假期，回到英国。 His education was cut short when his father died of a sudden illness. 父亲突然因病去世，他的教育就中断了。abort /əˈbɔːʳt/ [transitive verb]to stop an action that has been started, because it would be too dangerous to continue 〔因为太危险而〕使终止 The mission was aborted after news came of the capture of the city. 有消息说该市已被攻占，这次任务就终止了。 The plane had already started its descent when the pilot received orders to abort his landing. 飞机已经开始降落，可这时飞行员接到命令，要求终止着陆。suspend /səˈspend/ [transitive verb]to officially order that something should be stopped, when you intend to let it start again at a later time 使暂停，使中止 We have decided to suspend all production at the factory until safety checks can be carried out. 我们决定暂停工厂所有的生产活动，直到完成安全检查。 All pay increases are to be suspended until further notice. 所有加薪计划都将暂停执行，直至另行通知。 The trial was suspended after threats were made against witnesses. 证人受到恐吓以后，案件暂停审理。suspension /səˈspenʃən/ [uncountable noun]suspend of The President has announced the suspension of all military action in the region. 总统已经宣布暂停这个地区的所有军事活动。pull the plug on /ˌpʊl ðə ˈplʌg ɒn/ [verb phrase]informalto stop giving money to a plan or planned business activity so that it cannot continue 【非正式】〔不再提供资金以〕终断〔计划或已安排好的商业活动〕 The city council has pulled the plug on the new housing development. 市议会已经终止了这个新的住宅开发项目。 Over 1000 workers lost their jobs when the company pulled the plug on plans to open ten new stores. 公司终止了开办十家新商店的计划，一千多名工作者丢失了饭碗。freeze /friːz/ [transitive verb]to keep prices or wages at the same level and not increase them 冻结〔物价或工资〕 The company has announced that it intends to freeze all salaries for a year. 公司宣布打算将所有工资冻结一年。 All government employees have had their salaries frozen at last year's levels. 所有政府雇员的工资都被冻结在去年的水平。freeze [countable noun usually singular] The prime minister has announced a freeze on income tax for two years. 首相宣布将所得税冻结两年。17 to stop something quickly before it has time to develop 迅速制止某事，不让它发展nip something in the bud /ˌnɪp something ɪn ðə ˈbʌd/ [verb phrase]to stop a bad situation or bad behaviour when it first starts, before it can develop further 将某事消灭于萌芽状态；防患于未然 If I'd known about their plan I could have nipped it in the bud there and then. 我要是早知道他们这个计划，当时就会立即加以阻止。 It's important to nip this problem in the bud. 对这种问题一开始就加以阻止是很重要的。squash /skwɒʃǁskwɑːʃ, skwɔːʃ/ [transitive verb]to quickly stop something such as opposition to your plans that is likely to cause you trouble 粉碎；压制〔反对意见等〕 Her lawyers acted quickly to squash any of her husband's claims on her property. 她的律师立即作出反应，驳倒她丈夫分她财产的任何要求。squash a rumour The chairman acted quickly to squash rumours of a takeover bid. 董事会主席迅速采取行动，遏制了有人企图收购公司的谣言。kill /kɪl/ [transitive verb]to stop something quickly and completely 扼杀；使停止 Losing funding now would kill the project. 现在失去资金来源会使这个项目终止。 Mr Howard released a statement in an effort to kill speculation in the press. 霍华德先生发表声明，试图压住媒体的种种猜测。18 to stop normal work or services from continuing 使正常的工作或服务不能继续下去paralyseBritishalsoparalyzeAmerican /ˈpærəlaɪz/ [transitive verb]to make it impossible for an industry, system, service etc to continue working normally 使〔某一工业、系统、服务等〕瘫痪，使不能正常运作 Strike action has paralysed the region's public transport system. 罢工行动使该地区的公共交通系统陷入瘫痪状态。 Over Illinois, the storm broke, paralyzing the state with blizzards and freezing temperatures. 在伊利诺伊州，风暴突然来临，暴风雪和冰冻的天气使整个州陷入了瘫痪状态。bring something to a standstill /ˌbrɪŋ something tʊ ə ˈstændstɪl/ [verb phrase]to make it impossible for an industry, system, service etc to continue working normally 使某事停顿，使某事陷入瘫痪 Unexpected bad weather has brought London to a standstill. 突如其来的恶劣天气使伦敦陷入了瘫痪。 Further interest rate rises may bring the manufacturing industry to a standstill. 进一步调高利率可能会使制造业陷入瘫痪。 Rail services have been brought to a standstill by severe flooding in many areas. 由于许多地区遭受严重水灾，铁路服务已陷入停顿状态。bring something to a virtual standstill Traffic was brought to a virtual standstill as protestors drove in convoy along the motorways. 抗议者结成车队在高速公路上行驶，交通几乎全面瘫痪。19 to end the use of a system, service, or organization 废除某一制度，取消某种服务，关闭某个机构phase out /ˌfeɪz ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to gradually end the use of a system, product, or service 逐步废除；逐步停止使用phase out something Ministers agreed to phase out the old voting system within two years. 各位部长同意在两年之内逐渐废除旧的选举制度。 Older prisons will be phased out over the next few years. 在今后几年里，一些较旧的监狱将陆续关闭。phase something out The committee acknowledged that these chemicals are highly dangerous, and agreed to phase them out gradually. 委员会承认这些化学物非常危险，同意逐步停止使用。discontinue /ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuː/ [transitive verb]to stop providing something that has been available or provided regularly over a period of time 停止，中断〔一段时间内定时提供的某事物〕 Doctors decided to discontinue the treatment when it became clear that the boy had no chance of recovering. 这个男孩显然已经没有治愈的希望，医生决定中止治疗。 If fewer than ten students sign up, the course will be discontinued. 如果报名的学生不足十名，这门课就会停办。20 to stop something bad or illegal that people are doing 阻止人们的不良行为或违法行为stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [transitive verb] We must take action to stop this illegal trade in ivory. 我们必须采取措施，阻止这种非法的象牙交易。 All the staff are determined to stop bullying in the school. 所有教职工都下决心要杜绝学校里欺负弱小同学的行为。stop somebody from doing something The new measures are intended to stop troublemakers from travelling abroad to football matches. 这些新的措施旨在阻止喜欢闹事的人出国观看足球比赛。put a stop to /ˌpʊt ə ˈstɒp tuːǁ-ˈstɑːp-/ [verb phrase]to stop an activity, especially one that you consider to be harmful or unacceptable 结束，制止〔尤指你认为有害或不能接受的活动〕 Using children in this way is pure exploitation, and it's time we put a stop to it! 这样利用儿童纯粹是剥削，是时候制止这种行为了！ She knew that if she didn't put a stop to their squabbling now, it could go on for weeks. 她知道，如果现在不结束他们的这场争吵，那就要吵好几个星期了。stamp out /ˌstæmp ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to completely stop an illegal or harmful activity 消除，消灭 The police have introduced new measures to help stamp out violence on the city's streets. 警方采取了新的措施来帮助消除城市里的街头暴力事件。 We are determined to stamp out prostitution in this neighborhood. 我们坚决要取缔本区的卖淫活动。crack down on /ˌkræk ˈdaʊn ɒn/ [transitive phrasal verb]to take severe action to stop an illegal activity 制止，严厉打击，取缔〔非法活动〕 The authorities are determined to crack down on terrorism. 当局下决心严厉打击恐怖主义。 Teachers must crack down on bullying as soon as they become aware of it. 老师一旦发现有恃强欺弱的行为，就必须严格加以制止。 Only by cracking down on dealers, can we stop young people getting involved with drugs. 只有严厉打击贩毒分子，我们才能阻止青少年吸毒。crack-down /ˈkræk daʊn/ [countable noun]crack down on Davies was eventually caught during a government crack-down on tax evasion. 戴维斯在政府打击逃税行为的一次行动中终于被抓住了。call a halt to /ˌkɔːl ə ˈhɔːlt tuː/ [verb phrase]to officially order that an activity should be stopped, especially after it has continued for a long time 〔正式〕制止，停止〔尤指持续已久的活动〕 The government has called a halt to the exporting of live animals. 政府已停止出口活畜。 Companies must call a halt to the dumping of toxic waste at sea. 所有公司必须停止倾倒有毒废料入海的行为。clamp down on /ˌklæmp ˈdaʊn ɒn/ [transitive phrasal verb]if someone in authorityclamps down on an activity or group of people, they take firm action to stop something that is illegal or against the rules 〔当权人士〕严厉打击〔非法或违规的某种活动或某群人〕 The new, tougher laws are intended clamp down on the carrying of knives and other weapons. 这些新的、更严厉的法律旨在打击携带刀具等武器的行为。 If we don't clamp down on these troublemakers now, the situation could get out of control. 如果我们现在不对这些肇事者采取严厉措施，事态可能会失控。clampdown /ˈklæmpdaʊn/ [countable noun usually singular]clamp down on Police say the clampdown on drink-driving has been highly successful. 警方说打击酒后驾车的举措卓有成效。 The new administration has promised a clampdown on corruption. 新政府承诺要严厉打击腐败行为。curb /kɜːʳb/ [transitive verb]to prevent something harmful from increasing and start to control and reduce it 抑制，控制〔有害事物〕 The only way to curb the spread of the disease is by immunizing the entire population. 控制疾病蔓延的唯一途径是让所有人都接种疫苗。 The government is introducing new measures aimed at curbing inflation. 政府正在采取新的措施，致力于抑制通货膨胀。21 to stop opposition to a government 镇压反对政府的活动suppress /səˈpres/ [transitive verb]to stop people opposing or fighting against the government, by using military force or by making their activities illegal 〔以军事力量或使活动变成违法的手段〕镇压，压制〔反对政府的活动〕 The army acted swiftly to suppress the uprising. 军队迅速作出反应，镇压暴动。 Any opposition to the regime is ruthlessly suppressed. 任何反政府活动都遭到残酷镇压。 The authorities suppressed publication of the journal. 当局禁止这份刊物的出版。put down /ˌpʊt ˈdaʊn/ [transitive phrasal verb usually in passive]put down a revolt/rebellion/uprising etcto stop it by using military force against the people involved 镇压〔平息〕造反/叛乱/起义等 The uprising was quickly put down. 起义很快就被镇压下去了。 The rebellion was put down and its leaders were executed. 叛乱遭到镇压，领导的人也被处决。break up /ˌbreɪk ˈʌp/ [transitive phrasal verb]if the police or armybreak up something such as an organized protest, they use force to stop it 〔警方或军队〕用武力驱散〔制止〕〔有组织的抗议活动等〕break up something The police were instructed to break up the demonstration and arrest the ringleaders. 警方奉命驱散示威群众，逮捕为首的人。break something up The protest continued peacefully until government troops moved in to break it up. 抗议活动一直和平进行，直到政府军进来驱散了人群。subdue /səbˈdjuːǁ-ˈduː/ [transitive verb]to take action to stop people behaving in a violent, angry way, especially by using force 〔尤以武力〕镇压，制伏〔有暴力行为的人〕 The soldiers managed to subdue the angry crowd. 士兵们终于制伏了愤怒的人群。 The army has been used to subdue unrest in the country's capital. 该国首都发生暴动，动用了军队去镇压。crush /krʌʃ/ [transitive verb]to use severe methods to stop people who are fighting or opposing you 打压，镇压 The rebellion was quickly crushed by forces loyal to the President. 叛乱被效忠于总统的部队迅速镇压了。 The army is stationed near the capital, ready to crush any signs of a revolt. 军队驻扎在首都附近，一旦出现叛乱的迹象，随时准备镇压。quell /kwel/ [transitive verb]especially writtento make violent opposition stop by using force when it first starts, before it becomes impossible to control 【尤书面】镇压，平息 Extra police were called in to quell the disturbance. 增加了警力来平定骚乱。 An anti-government riot was promptly quelled by soldiers using guns and teargas. 一场反政府的暴乱迅即被士兵们用枪和催泪弹镇压了下去。22 to end a relationship 结束关系end /end/ [transitive verb] The affair ended after it was made public by the newspapers. 他们的暧昧关系被报纸公开后就结束了。 Our relationship just isn't working. I've decided to end it. 我们俩的关系就是好不起来，我决定结束算了。end [singular noun] We had a huge row, which marked the end of our friendship. 我们大吵了一场，结束了我们之间的友谊。break off /ˌbreɪk ˈɒf/ [transitive phrasal verb]to end a relationship or connection with someone, especially an official one 断绝〔关系〕，结束〔尤指官方的关系〕 The Senator has been urged to break off all links with arms companies. 参议员被敦促断绝与军火公司的所有联系。 In the wake of the bombing, the UK is threatening to break off diplomatic relations. 爆炸事件发生之后，英国威胁说要断绝外交关系。 His girlfriend has just told him that she wants to break off their engagement. 他的女友刚刚对他说要解除婚约。sever /ˈsevəʳ/ [transitive verb]formalsever ties/links/relations etcto completely end your relationship or connection with someone or something 【正式】切断联系/关系等 Since the job required that he be politically neutral, he had to sever his links with the Socialist Party. 由于工作需要他在政治上保持中立，所以他不得不与社会党断绝联系。 Britain immediately severed relations with the three countries involved. 英国立即与三个涉事国家断交。23 a process that cannot be stopped 阻止不了的过程unstoppable /ʌnˈstɒpəbəlǁ-ˈstɑːp-/ [adjective]a process or action that isunstoppable cannot be stopped 无法阻止的，不可阻挡的 Political change is now unstoppable, and the regime will eventually collapse. 政治改革现在已经势不可挡，这个政权最终将会瓦解。 The war could unleash unstoppable political and economic changes. 这场战争可能会引发不可制止的政治经济变革。 Her rise to fame seems to be unstoppable. 她的成名似乎势在必然。remorseless /rɪˈmɔːʳsləs/ [adjective]a process that isremorseless continues in an unpleasant and threatening way and it seems to be impossible to stop 〔令人不快或威胁人的过程〕无休止的 The remorseless spread of the virus has led to the deaths of thousands. 病毒的持续蔓延已经造成成千上万的人死亡。 the remorseless advance of the invading army 侵略军不断的向前推进remorselessly [adverb] The destruction of the rainforests has gone on remorselessly for the past 30 years. 过去30年来热带雨林持续不断地遭到破坏。inexorable /ɪnˈeksərəbəl/ [adjective]formaluse this about a gradual process that cannot be stopped, especially one which leads to something very bad happening 【正式】不可阻挡的，不容变更的〔尤指会引致不好的事发生的过程〕 His jealousy sets him on an inexorable course towards murder. 嫉妒使他走上一条杀人的不归路。 the inexorable decline in Britain's manufacturing industry 英国制造业无法遏止的衰退inexorably [adverb] The story moves inexorably towards its tragic climax. 这个故事势所必然地推向悲剧性的高潮。irreversible /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːʳsɪbəl, ˌɪrɪˈvɜːʳsəbəl/ [adjective]a process of change that isirreversible cannot be stopped, and the situation that existed before cannot return 〔变化的过程〕不能逆转的 New technology has brought about irreversible changes in society. 新的科技给社会带来了不可逆转的变化。 Despite claims made by skincare manufacturers, the effects of ageing are irreversible. 尽管护肤品生产商有各种说法，衰老是不可逆转的。24 to prevent someone from doing what they want to do 阻止某人做他们想做的事情prevent /prɪˈvent/ [transitive verb]to make it impossible for someone to do something that they want to do 阻止；阻碍；阻挠prevent somebody from doing something A leg injury may prevent Shearer from playing in tomorrow's game. 腿部受伤可能会使希勒不能参加明天的比赛。 There were reports that some people had been prevented from voting in the election. 有报道称有些人被阻止在选举中投票。stop /stɒpǁstɑːp/ [transitive verb]tostop someone from doing something that they want to do, especially by controlling them in an unreasonable way 阻止，阻碍，阻拦〔尤指用不合理的方式控制某人〕 I've made up my mind to leave home, and you can't stop me. 我已经下定决心要离开这个家，你是拦不住我的。stop somebody (from) doing something My parents tried to stop me seeing Anne. 我父母试图阻止我和安妮来往。 The government has taken legal action to stop the BBC from broadcasting a documentary about the Secret Service. 政府采取法律行动，阻止英国广播公司播映一部有关特工部门的纪录片。keep somebody from doing something /ˌkiːp somebody frəm ˈduːɪŋ something/ [transitive phrasal verb]to prevent someone from doing something, especially something that might be harmful or upsetting 阻止某人做某事〔尤指可能有害或令人不高兴的事情〕 Staying busy kept her from thinking about her illness. 她一直使自己忙碌，那就不会去想自己的病了。 It was all I could do to keep myself from hitting him. 只有这样，我才能忍住不去揍他。restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/ [transitive verb]to prevent someone from doing something harmful or stupid, either by physically stopping them or by persuading them not to do it 〔通过阻拦或劝说〕制止，阻止〔某人做有害或愚蠢的事〕 Roger stepped forward and Martin put out his arm to restrain him. 罗杰跨步上前，马丁伸手拦住了他。restrain yourself She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely restrained herself. 她很想问问他的私生活，不过还是理智地控制住了自己。restrain somebody from doing something His arm was hurting him and he had to be restrained from doing too much. 他手臂痛，只得限制自己不要做太多的事情。hold back /ˌhəʊld ˈbæk/ [transitive phrasal verb]to prevent someone or something from moving forward or making progress 拦阻，阻挡，抑制，阻止〔某人或某物前进或有进展〕hold back somebody/something The police had already erected crash barriers to hold back the advancing crowds. 警方已经竖起防撞护栏，阻挡人群前进。 The poor economic situation has held back investment in new technology. 经济形势不好妨碍了对新技术的投资。hold somebody/something back Bill leapt to his feet to go after the girl, but the others held him back. 比尔立刻跳起来去追那女孩，但是其他人拦住了他。 She always felt that being a woman had held her back in her career. 她总是觉得身为女性妨碍了她事业的发展。get in the way of /ˌget ɪn ðə ˈweɪ ɒv/ [verb phrase]to make someone too busy to do something else, especially something they should do 妨碍〔某人做应该做的事〕 Don't let your social life get in the way of your education. 不要让社交生活影响你的学业。discourage /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒǁ-ˈkɜːr-/ [transitive verb]to make it less likely that someone will do something, for example by showing them that it may have a bad or unwelcome result 阻止，抑制 Higher taxes are likely to discourage investment. 调高税收可能会打击投资意愿。 It is a well known fact that a negative working environment discourages creativity. 不良的工作环境抑制人的创造力，这是人所共知的事实。discourage somebody from doing something Higher cigarette prices do not seem to discourage people from smoking. 调高香烟价格似乎阻止不了人们抽烟。25 to make sure that something does not happen 确保某事不发生prevent/stop /prɪˈvent, stɒpǁstɑːp/ [transitive verb]to make sure that something will not happen or cannot happen, especially something bad.Prevent is more formal thanstop预防，防止〔尤指不好的事发生；prevent 比 stop正式〕 Many people now believe that a good diet can help to prevent cancer. 现在许多人认为均衡的饮食可以帮助预防癌症。 The new laws are designed to stop discrimination in the workplace. 这些新的法律是为了防止工作场所出现歧视而制定的。prevent/stop something (from) happening A special valve prevents the waste gases from escaping. 有一个特别的阀阻止废气外逸。 Stretch the rope out to stop it getting twisted and tangled up. 把绳子拉开，以免缠结在一起。prevention /prɪˈvenʃən/ [uncountable noun] How does a healthy diet help in the prevention of heart attacks? 健康的饮食如何能防止心脏病的发作?crime prevention The police are very happy to talk to local groups about crime prevention. 警方非常乐意和当地的一些团体讨论预防犯罪的问题。avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ [transitive verb]to do something to prevent something bad that may happen 避免，防止 The company is anxious to avoid an expensive court case. 该公司急切地想避免一场昂贵的官司。 We take every precaution to avoid accidents. 我们采取一切预防措施避免事故发生。avoid something at all costsdo everything possible to avoid something happening 不惜一切代价避免某事 Civilian casualties must be avoided at all costs. 必须不惜一切代价避免平民伤亡。avert /əˈvɜːʳt/ [transitive verb]formalto do something to prevent something bad that will happen very soon if you do not do anything 【正式】避免，防止 It may already be too late to avert another disaster. 现在要避免另一场灾难的发生可能为时已晚。 Talks will be held today in a final attempt to avert strike action. 今天将举行会谈，为避免罢工作最后一次努力。head off /ˌhed ˈɒf/ [transitive phrasal verb]to do something to stop a difficult or unpleasant situation from developing, when it seems very likely to happen soon 阻止，避免〔有可能很快就要出现的困难或不快局面〕 They agreed to meet government ministers in an attempt to head off a major conflict. 为了避免发生重大的冲突，他们同意与政府各部长见面。 We managed to head off a financial crisis last year, but we may not be so lucky this year. 去年我们设法避免了一场金融危机，但今年我们就不一定这么幸运了。guard against /ˈgɑːʳd əˌgenst/ [transitive phrasal verb]to carefully plan and think about what you can do in order to prevent something bad from happening 〔小心地计划和考虑以〕防止，防范，提防 The city council is taking emergency measures to guard against flooding in the city centre. 市议会正在采取紧急措施，预防市中心洪水泛滥。 Use sunscreen on your skin to help guard against skin cancer. 使用防晒产品帮助预防皮肤癌。26 to prevent a plan or action from succeeding 阻止某个计划或行动的成功block /blɒkǁblɑːk/ [transitive verb]to use something such as a law or an official order to prevent someone from doing something that they have been planning to do 〔用法律或正式命令等〕妨碍，阻碍〔某人做已计划做的事〕 Britain has threatened to block new EU legislation on human rights. 英国威胁说要阻止欧盟新的人权法规。 The deal was blocked by the chairman, who was unwilling to commit so much company money to a risky investment. 这交易受到董事会主席的阻拦，他不愿意在一项高风险的投资上投入这么多公司资金。obstruct /əbˈstrʌkt/ [transitive verb]to try to prevent someone from doing something by deliberately making it much more difficult for them 〔故意地〕妨碍，阻挠，阻碍 The House of Lords has been accused of obstructing change and preventing scientific progress. 上议院被指控阻挠变革，妨碍科学发展。 It is an offence to obstruct the police during the course of their duty. 妨碍警察执行公务属违法行为。obstruction /əbˈstrʌkʃən/ [countable/uncountable noun] The counting of votes was delayed in some areas because of obstruction by local officials. 由于当地官员的阻挠，有些地区推迟了清点选票。obstruct of He was arrested and charged with the obstruction of a police officer. 他遭到逮捕，并以妨碍警察执行公务的罪名被起诉。thwart /θwɔːʳt/ [transitive verb]formalto prevent someone from doing something, especially something that they very much want to do because it is personally important to them 【正式】阻止，阻挠〔对某人很重要的事情〕 Harry knew now that nothing could thwart his plans. 哈里现在已经明白，什么都阻挠不了他的计划。 An attempt to smuggle heroin worth £30 million into the country has been thwarted by customs officials. 走私一批价值3,000万英镑的海洛因入境的图谋被海关官员挫败了。foil /fɔɪl/ [transitive verb]to prevent something bad or criminal that someone is planning to do, by being more clever than they are 〔用巧妙的方法〕挫败，制止〔坏事或犯罪〕 The government has foiled an attempted military coup. 政府挫败了一次军事政变阴谋。 The burglar was foiled by a passer-by who noticed the broken window and phoned the police. 窃贼被一名路人识破，这位路人发现窗户破了，于是报了警。27 to stop people from expressing their opinions 阻止人们发表意见silence /ˈsaɪləns/ [transitive verb]to prevent someone from expressing their opinions or telling people something that you want kept secret 阻止…发表意见，使保持沉默 The Mafia uses threats of physical violence or death to silence any opposition. 黑手党用暴力或死亡作威胁，把任何反对的声音压下去。 Opponents of the regime are quickly silenced. 该政权的反对者很快就被封嘴了。muzzle /ˈmʌzəl/ [transitive verb]to prevent someone such as a politician or news reporter from publicly expressing their opinions, information, or ideas 使缄默，封…的嘴，钳制…的言论 Democracy activists have been effectively muzzled by these tough new laws. 这几条新的法律很严厉，有效地钳制了民主积极分子的言论。muzzle the press/media Attempts to muzzle the country's media have failed. 压制国内媒体的企图失败了。gag /gæg/ [transitive verb]to use your authority unfairly to prevent someone from telling people something or expressing their opinions - used especially in newspapers 堵住…的嘴，钳制…的言论〔尤用于报纸〕 The government has once again used concerns about "National Security' as an excuse to gag the press. 政府又一次以担心“国家安全”为由，堵住了媒体的嘴。 The prime minister has been accused of attempting to gag members of his government who do not agree with his policies. 首相被指控企图压制他政府里不同意他的政策的人，不让他们发言。28 to stop yourself from having or showing a feeling 不让自己产生或流露出某种情感hold back /ˌhəʊld ˈbæk/ [transitive phrasal verb]to try hard to stop yourself laughing, crying, or showing anger 抑制，控制，忍住hold back something Jack held back his tears and pretended not to be disappointed. 杰克忍住眼泪，假装他并没有感到失望。 Sarah held back a sob of relief. 萨拉如释重负，但是忍住了没哭出来。hold something back I wanted to laugh, but I managed to hold it back. 我想笑，但是设法忍住了。 She struggled to hold her feelings back. 她拼命地控制住自己的感情。stifle /ˈstaɪfəl/ [transitive verb]stifle a yawn/a smile/laughter etcto try to stop yourself showing that you are tired, amused etc especially because you do not want to seem rude 忍住呵欠/忍住不笑出来等 She stifled a yawn as the boss read out the sales figures. 她忍住呵欠，听老板宣读销售额。 Maria looked away and stifled a giggle. 玛丽亚转过头去，憋住没笑出来。suppress /səˈpres/ [transitive verb]writtento make a strong effort to stop yourself from showing feelings of anger, sadness etc 【书面】抑制，控制，忍住 I suppressed an urge to laugh. 我忍住想笑的冲动。 He looked at me, waiting with suppressed anger. 他看着我，压住怒火等着。 It's not good to suppress your feelings. 压抑情感是不好的。overcome/conquer /ˌəʊvəʳˈkʌm, ˈkɒŋkəʳǁˈkɑːŋ-/ [transitive verb]to manage to stop feeling something that affects you very strongly, for example fear, pain etc 克服；战胜 She managed to overcome her shyness, and stepped forward to introduce herself. 她克服了自己的腼腆，走上前介绍自己。 Hilton stepped into the room, fighting to conquer his feelings of disgust. 希尔顿走进房间，努力克制自己的厌恶情绪。29 a problem that prevents you from achieving something 阻止你做成某事的问题obstacle /ˈɒbstəkəlǁˈɑːb-/ [countable noun]a problem that makes it difficult but not impossible for you to achieve what you want to achieve 障碍，阻碍 The lack of money is a serious obstacle that could prevent the project from succeeding. 缺少资金是一个很大的障碍，可能会使项目做不成。obstacle to The greatest obstacle to economic progress has been mass unemployment. 经济发展的最大障碍是大量失业。overcome an obstacledeal with it successfully 克服障碍 She had to overcome a lot of obstacles to finally make it to drama college. 她克服了许多障碍，最后终于考入戏剧学院。a bar to something /ə ˈbɑːʳ tə something/ []something that prevents someone from achieving what they want 做成某事的障碍 His disability was no bar to his entry into the profession. 他生理上的缺陷并没有成为他从事这一行业的障碍。 Differences in religious beliefs are not necessarily a bar to a good relationship. 宗教信仰不同并不一定会妨碍人们建立良好的关系。limiting /ˈlɪmɪtɪŋ, ˈlɪmətɪŋ/ [adjective]preventing something from improving, developing, growing etc 限制性的 I found the lack of available reference books very limiting. 我发现没有参考书可用限制很大。 There is a lot of research that still needs to be done, but money is an important limiting factor. 仍有许多研究工作尚待完成，但是资金是一个重大的制约因素。30 to prevent someone from going somewhere 阻止某人去某地be in the way /biː ɪn ðə ˈweɪ/ [verb phrase]if someone or somethingis in the way, they are in a position that stops you from going where you want 挡住去路 There's a car in the way and I can't get out of the garage. 车库门口有一辆车挡着，我无法出去。be in somebody's way Could you move please Sonia. You're in my way. 请你挪一挪好吗？索尼娅，你挡着我的路了。block /blɒkǁblɑːk/ [transitive verb]if objects or peopleblock a road, entrance etc, they lie or stand right across it, so that no-one can pass through 挡住〔路、入口等〕；堵住 A big truck had turned over on its side, and it was blocking the road. 一辆大卡车向一侧翻倒了，挡住了道路。 Hundreds of protesters blocked the entrance to the President's palace. 数百名抗议者堵住了总统府的入口。obstruct /əbˈstrʌkt/ [transitive verb]to block or almost block a road, entrance etc 阻挡，阻塞〔道路、入口等〕 A small aircraft now obstructed the runway. 现在有一架小型飞机挡着跑道。 The driveway was obstructed by piles of stones and gravel. 车道上有一堆堆的碎石瓦砾挡了路。obstruction [countable noun] A truck was causing an obstruction on the road. 一辆卡车造成了道路堵塞。 Construction workers building the tunnel have encountered a number of obstructions. 修筑隧道的建筑工人遇到了许多障碍。barrier /ˈbæriəʳ/ [countable noun]something that has been deliberately put somewhere, especially across a road or entrance, to prevent people from entering a place 障碍物；路障；护栏 The automatic barrier lifted as we drove up. 我们开车过去，自动道闸升了起来。 The driver slowed down as he approached the police barrier. 驾驶员驶近警方设置的路障时减速了。 Only a flimsy barrier stops the crowd from spilling onto the field. 只有一道不是很结实的护栏挡着观众，不让他们涌到球场上去。blockade /blɒˈkeɪdǁblɑː-/ [transitive verb]to use military force to prevent people or goods from entering or leaving an area 〔用军事力量〕包围，封锁 In June 1948 the Russians blockaded the western sectors of Berlin. 1948年6月，苏联人封锁了柏林西区。 A US fleet blockaded the port of Veracruz. 一支美军舰队封锁了韦拉克鲁斯港。blockade [countable noun] Getting food supplies through the blockade is almost impossible. 把食品供给运过封锁线几乎是不可能的。31 intended to prevent something happening 旨在防止某事发生preventive/preventative /prɪˈventɪv, prɪˈventətɪv/ [adjective only before noun]intended to prevent something from happening or getting worse 预防性的，防备的 We should spend more money educating people about preventive medicine. 我们应该花更多的钱来教育人们认识预防性药物。 Schools must take preventative measures so that this type of tragedy never happens again. 学校必须采取预防措施，杜绝这种悲剧再次发生。 Preventative action can easily be taken to avoid damp occurring in your house. 家里采取防潮措施是很容易的。pre-emptive /priˈemptɪv/ [adjective]pre-emptive strike/action/attackan action that is done to harm someone before they can harm you - use this especially about official or military actions 先发制人的打击/行动/袭击〔尤用于官方或军事行动〕 The US says it is prepared to launch a pre-emptive strike with nuclear weapons if it is threatened. 美国称已作好准备，一旦受到威胁，会以核武器实施先发制人的打击。32 something that can be prevented 可以防止的事情preventable /prɪˈventəbəl/ [adjective]something bad that ispreventable, can be prevented 〔不好的事情〕可以防止的，可预防的 Whooping cough and measles are both preventable diseases. 百日咳和麻疹都是可预防的疾病。 Many of these deaths each year are preventable. 每年的这些死亡个案中，有许多都是可避免的。avoidable /əˈvɔɪdəbəl/ [adjective]difficulties or problems that areavoidable can be prevented, and therefore you should not have to deal with them 〔困难或问题〕可避免的 Running out of gas is annoying and easily avoidable. 汽油用完很令人气恼，但也是很容易避免的。 Too many children are still injured in avoidable accidents. 仍有许许多多的儿童在本可避免的意外事故中受伤。