SPREAD1 fire/liquid/gas2 information/feelings/ideas/problems etc3 when a disease spreads4 to spread things over a wide area5 when people or things are spread over a wide area6 when people go in many directions7 to spread butter, glue etc on a surface8 to open something out and arrange it on a surface1 fire/liquid/gas 火/液体/气体spread /spred/ [intransitive verb]if fire, liquid, smoke etcspreads, it moves outwards in all directions to cover a larger area 〔火、液体、烟雾等〕蔓延 The forest fires in the Northwest are spreading out of control. 西北地区的森林大火在蔓延，渐渐失去了控制。spread through/across/to etc By then, the flood water had spread across 80 square miles of farmland. 那时候，洪水已经淹没了80平方英里的农田。 She knocked over her glass, and a dark pool of wine spread over the tablecloth. 她打翻了杯子，一滩深红色的葡萄酒在桌布上渗了开来。 The fire quickly spread to several nearby factories. 火势很快就蔓延到邻近的几家工厂。permeate /ˈpɜːʳmieɪt/ [transitive verb]if a gas, liquid, smoke etcpermeates a space or substance, it gradually spreads through the whole of it 〔气体、液体、烟雾等逐渐〕渗透，弥漫，扩散 Soon the gas had permeated the entire area. 不久这种气体便扩散到了整个地区。 The stench of smoke permeated the air. 空气中弥漫着臭臭的烟味。run /rʌn/ [intransitive verb]if a colourruns, it spreads beyond where it should be and begins to colour other things, especially because it has got wet 〔颜色遇湿〕掉色 I'm afraid the colors ran when I washed your shirt. 恐怕你的衬衫在洗的时候掉色了。 She had started crying and her make-up was running down her face. 她哭了起来，脸上的妆弄花了脸。2 information/feelings/ideas/problems etc 信息/情感/想法/问题等spread /spred/ [intransitive/transitive verb]if information, an idea, or a feelingspreads, or if youspread it, more and more people begin to know about it or be affected by it 传播，散布，〔使〕流传 After she died at a San Jose hospital, word spread fast. 她在圣何塞医院去世的消息很快就传开了。 News of the disaster was spreading quickly. 受灾的消息很快传了开来。 Rumors about Amy spread through the school. 学校里流传着有关埃米的种种谣言。 The lawsuit charged the magazine with spreading lies about the company and its products. 这场官司控告杂志社散布与这家公司和它的产品有关的谣言。spread to/into/through etc Panic spread through downtown Port-au-Prince. 太子港市中心蔓延着一片恐慌。spread [uncountable noun]get around/go aroundalsoget roundBritish /ˌget əˈraʊnd, ˌgəʊ əˈraʊnd, ˌget ˈraʊnd/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if news or informationgets around orgoes around, people tell other people, so that soon a lot of people know about it 〔消息〕传播出去，传开 News soon got around that Nick was back in Barnstable. 尼克已经回到巴恩斯特布尔的消息很快就传开了。 It's a small place, so news and gossip gets around pretty quickly. 这是一个小地方，所以有什么新闻和流言都传得很快。 It didn't take long for word to get around that Moore was leaving the company. 没多久消息就传开了，说穆尔要离开公司。circulate /ˈsɜːʳkjɑleɪt/ [intransitive verb]if news, information, stories etccirculate, they spread through a large group of people, especially because each person tells it to someone else 〔消息、故事等在一大群人中〕流传，传播，散布 The organization's intranet system allows information to circulate rapidly. 这个机构的内联网体系可以使信息传播得很快。 Rumors began circulating that she was seriously ill. 有谣言在流传，说她病情严重。circulate among The letter was circulated among news organizations nationwide. 这封信在全国各地的新闻机构之间流传。disseminate /dɪˈsemɪneɪt, dɪˈseməneɪt/ [transitive verb]formalto spread information, ideas etc as widely as possible, especially in order to influence the way people think or behave 【正式】散布，广泛传播〔信息、思想等，尤为了影响人们的思想或行为方式〕 Racist messages are being widely disseminated via the Internet. 带有种族主义思想的言论在互联网上广泛流传。 The Health Education Council is the central agency for disseminating information about disease prevention. 健康教育委员会是传播预防疾病信息的中心机构。dissemination /dɪˌsemɪˈneɪʃən, dɪˌseməˈneɪʃən/ [uncountable noun] It is very dangerous for a government to have complete control over the dissemination of information within a country. 一个国家的信息传播完全由政府控制，这是非常危险的。spill over /ˌspɪl ˈəʊvəʳ/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a problem or bad situationspills over, it spreads beyond the place or situation in which it starts, and begins to affect other places, people, or areas of activity 〔问题或坏的情形〕蔓延，波及spill over to/into/from etc It is easy to allow personal emotions to spill over into your work. 个人情感很容易影响到工作。 Government chiefs are worried that the refugee problem might spill over from neighboring countries. 政府的长官担心邻国的难民问题会蔓延开来。3 when a disease spreads 疾病传播spread /spred/ [intransitive/transitive verb]if a diseasespreads oris spread, it is passed from one person to another, and it affects more and more people 〔疾病〕传播，蔓延 Malaria, spread by mosquitoes, is one of the biggest public health problems in Africa. 由蚊子传播的疟疾是非洲最大的公共卫生问题之一。 AIDS is not spread by common everyday contact. 一般日常接触不会传播艾滋病。spread through/to/across/from Cholera is spreading through the refugee camps at an alarming rate. 霍乱以惊人的速度在难民营中传播。 Meyer and his team were the first to show how the disease spreads from animals to humans. 迈耶和他的研究小组最先揭示了这种疾病如何从动物传给人类。spread [uncountable noun]spread of The only way to prevent the spread of tuberculosis is to cure those infected by the disease. 防止肺结核的传播，唯一的办法是治愈那些已经感染的人。go aroundalsogo roundBritish /ˌgəʊ əˈraʊnd, ˌgəʊ ˈraʊnd/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb]if an illnessgoes around, it spreads from one person to another, especially in a school, office etc 〔疾病尤指在学校或办公室里等〕流行，传播 There's some type of throat infection going around at the moment. 这阵子好像流行一种喉疾。 If one child gets flu, it seems to go round the entire school within a week. 如果一个孩子得了流感，好像一个星期内就会传遍整个学校。infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ [adjective]aninfectious disease is spread by being passed from one person to another 传染性的，感染的 Heavy drinkers are generally more susceptible to infectious diseases. 喝酒多的人一般更容易感染传染性疾病。 Doctors say that the disease is most infectious in the first twenty-four hours. 医生说这病在最初的24小时里传染性最强。highly infectiousvery infectious 传染性很强的 The vaccine protects against Hepatitis B, a highly infectious virus. 这种疫苗预防传染性很强的乙型肝炎病毒。catch /kætʃ/ [transitive verb]to get an illness from another person - use this especially about illnesses that are not very serious 〔从别人身上〕染上，患上〔尤指不是很严重的疾病〕 Kristen has the flu, so I guess we'll all catch it. 克里斯滕得了流感，我估计我们都会传染上。 Dion caught a cold on vacation. 戴恩在度假的时候得了感冒。catching /ˈkætʃɪŋ/ [adjective not before noun]informalan illness or condition that iscatching, especially one that is not very serious, can spread from one person to another 【非正式】有传染性的，会传染的〔尤指不是非常严重的疾病〕 I hope Shelly's cold isn't catching. 我希望谢利的感冒不会传染。 I'm keeping Timmy home from school. He has measles and you know how catching it is. 我让蒂米留在家里不要去上学。他得了麻疹，你知道这种病很容易传染。contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ [adjective]an illness that iscontagious can spread easily from one person to another, especially by touch 有传染性的；〔尤指〕接触传染的 Most eye infections are contagious. 多数眼部感染都会传染。highly contagiousvery contagious 传染性很强的 Chicken pox is highly contagious. 水痘传染性很强。4 to spread things over a wide area 把东西在很大的地方分散开spread /spred/ [transitive verb] The wind spreads the seeds so that the plants can reproduce. 风吹散种子，使植物可以繁衍。spread something over/across/through etc A single tractor was slowly spreading fertilizer over a huge wheatfield. 仅有的一台拖拉机在一块很大的麦田上慢慢地播撒肥料。scatter /ˈskætəʳ/ [transitive verb]to spread things over a wide area in an irregular and unplanned way 撒播，使四散 The storm scattered tiles everywhere. 风暴吹得瓦片散落在各处。scatter something over/around/across etc Why don't you scatter a few cushions around the room? 你为什么不在房间里放几个垫子呢？5 when people or things are spread over a wide area 人或物分散在很大的一片地方scattered /ˈskætəʳd/ [adjective not before noun]things that arescattered are spread over a large area in an irregular or untidy way 分散的，疏落的，零散的scattered about/over/among etc There were books scattered all about their cottage. 他们的小屋里到处都散放着书。 Pieces of twisted metal and rusted pipe lay scattered around the yard. 一段段变形的金属和生锈的管子散在院子里。spread out /ˌspred ˈaʊt/ [adjective phrase not before noun]things that arespread out are spread over a large area with a lot of space between them 疏落的，疏散的spread out on/among/across Diane had her newspaper spread out all over the floor. 戴安娜把报纸散了一地。 Several small cabins were spread out across the property. 这一片土地上零零散散有几间小木屋。sprawling /ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/ [adjective only before noun]spread across a wide area - use this about towns, buildings, or groups of buildings that you think take up too much space and are ugly or unpleasant 〔城镇、建筑物等〕杂乱无序地延伸的 The sprawling conference and resort center even has its own transportation system. 这个杂乱无序地扩展的会议度假中心甚至有自己的交通运输系统。 a sprawling city of 2.6 million 一个有260万人口、杂乱无序地发展的大城市dotted /ˈdɒtɪd, ˈdɒtədǁˈdɑːt-/ [adjective not before noun]if a number of things of the same type aredotted around an area, they are spread over it irregularly and unevenly 遍布的，星罗棋布的dotted around/along/here and there etc All we saw were a few workmen's cottages dotted here and there along the road. 我们沿途看到的只有星星点点的几处工人宿舍。 Picnic tables were dotted among the trees. 野餐桌东一处、西一处地分布在林间。dotted with Their street was dotted with burned-out and boarded-up buildings. 他们的街道上到处都是烧空了并用木板封起来的房子。strewn /struːn/ [adjective not before noun]spread unevenly in a way that looks very untidy 散落着的strewn over/around etc Clothes were strewn all over the bedroom floor. 卧室里满地都是衣服。strewn with Glover's yard was strewn with garbage and builders’ debris. 格洛弗的院子里到处都是垃圾和建筑瓦砾。6 when people go in many directions 人们向各方散开spread /spred/ [intransitive verb]spread northwards/eastwards etc Refugees have entered the south of the country and are spreading northwards. 难民已进入本国南部地区，正在向北扩散。scatter /ˈskætəʳ/ [intransitive verb]if a group of peoplescatters, everyone suddenly moves in different directions, especially in order to escape from danger 〔一群人〕突然散开；逃散〔尤指为了逃离危险〕 When a police van drove by, the boys scattered. 一辆警车驶过，男孩子们便逃散了。 At the sound of gunfire, the crowd scattered in all directions. 枪声一响，人群便四散而逃。spread out /ˌspred ˈaʊt/ [intransitive/transitive phrasal verb]if a group of peoplespreads out, each person moves into a position where they are as far from the others as possible 〔一群人〕散开；使散开 ‘Spread out!’ the sergeant shouted. ‘I want the whole area searched.’ “大家散开！”中士喊道，“我要你们搜查整个地区。” I'm sure you'd be more comfortable if you spread yourselves out a little. 如果你们分开点，我肯定你们会舒服些。spread out across/through etc Members of the tribe are spread out over hundreds of square miles. 部落成员分散居住在好几百平方英里的地方。fan out /ˌfæn ˈaʊt/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a group of people who are searching for someone or somethingfans out, they spread themselves across an area in order to make sure that they search the whole area 成扇形分散开〔常为寻找某人或某物〕 The men were told to fan out and begin the search. 那些人被命令散开，开始搜查。 Scores of FBI agents fanned out on Monday to interview potential witnesses. 星期一，大批联邦探员分头找了有可能目击事故的人问话。split up /ˌsplɪt ˈʌp/ [intransitive phrasal verb]if a group of peoplesplit up, they decide not to stay together as a group because they will be able to move faster, find something more easily etc if they are alone or in smaller groups 散开；分开〔因想走得更快或更容易找到某物〕 The U.N. team split up to inspect several sites in the south of the country. 联合国调查小组分头检查了该国南部的几个地方。split up into groups/teams/twos etc We'd have a much better chance of finding the child if we split up into groups. 如果我们分组寻找，找到孩子的希望会大得多。7 to spread butter, glue etc on a surface 在某物表面上涂抹黄油、胶水等spread /spred/ [transitive verb]to put a thin layer of a soft substance, such as butter or glue, on a surface, so that it covers it 涂，抹，敷spread something on/over something Make sure that you spread the glue on both surfaces. 一定要两面都涂上胶水。 He spread plaster on the walls. 他在墙上涂上灰泥。 Spread the frosting over the warm pastries. 在温热的油酥面皮上抹上糖霜。spread something with something She spread the toast with butter and jam. 她在烤面包片上涂上黄油和果酱。smear /smɪəʳ/ [transitive verb]to spread a liquid or soft substance over a surface, especially carelessly or when you do not have to keep it within an exact area 〔尤指胡乱地〕涂，抹〔某种液体或软的东西〕smear something on/smear on something ‘What time did we say we'd meet them?’ she asked, smearing on a bright red lipstick. “我们说好什么时候和他们碰头？”她一边问，一边擦着一支鲜红色的唇膏。smear something with Before setting out on their walk, they smeared themselves with sunblock. 他们出去散步之前在身上涂了防晒霜。8 to open something out and arrange it on a surface 把某物摊开在一个表面上spread/spread out /spred, ˌspred ˈaʊt/ [transitive verb/transitive phrasal verb]to open something such as a sheet, a map, or a newspaper, and arrange it so that it lies flat on a table, the floor, or another surface 打开，摊开，展开spread out something Jim spread out a blanket for her to sit on. 吉姆摊开一块毯子让她坐在上面。spread something out/over/on etc Spread the map out and let's have a look. 把地图打开，我们来看一下。 I spread the towels over the radiator to dry. 我把毛巾摊在暖气片上烘干。lay out /ˌleɪ ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to spread something on a table, floor etc, especially so that it can be more easily seen or used later 铺开，摆出〔某物放在桌上、地上等，尤为了更容易看或以后可以使用〕lay something out They spent over an hour laying the food out for the party. 他们花了一个多小时摆放为聚会准备的食物。lay out something I laid all four bathing suits out on the counter and tried to picture myself in one of them. 我把四件泳装全摆出来放在柜台上，想象自己穿上是什么样子。