PUNISH1 to punish someone2 to punish someone severely3 to not punish someone4 a punishment5 to get a particular punishment6 to be punished7 to not be punished8 to not be punished severely enough9 when someone is likely to be punishedRELATED WORDSkill someone as a punishment 处决某人KILL (7)see alsoTELL SB OFFPRISONJUDGECOURT/TRIALLAWCRIMESTRICT/NOT STRICTREVENGE1 to punish someone 惩罚某人punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ [transitive verb]to do something unpleasant to someone because they have done something wrong, for example by putting them in prison, or making them do something that they do not want to do 惩罚，处罚 She was suspended while the school decided how to punish her. 她被停了课，由校方决定如何处罚她。punish somebody for (doing) something His parents punished him for disobedience. 他不听话，父母责罚他。 The U.S. threatened to take away trading privileges as a way to punish the country for human rights violations. 美国威胁取消贸易优惠作为对该国践踏人权的处罚。 Two instructors were punished for harassing female students. 两名讲师因骚扰女学生而受罚。fine /faɪn/ [transitive verb]to make someone pay money as a punishment 对…处以罚款 Inspectors have the power to fine any passenger travelling without a ticket. 查票员有权对无票乘车者罚款。be fined £10/$100 etc She was fined $300 for reckless driving. 她因莽撞驾驶被罚300美元。fine somebody for (doing) something One player was fined for fighting during the game. 一名队员因比赛时斗殴被罚款。 The state fined the company for safety violations. 该州因该公司违反安全措施，对其处以罚款。give somebody 6 years/10 months etc /gɪv somebody ˌsɪks ˈjɪəʳz/ [verb phrase]to send someone to prison for a particular period of time 判处某人六年/十个月等徒刑 Because of the serious nature of the crime, the judge gave him 20 years. 因为犯罪性质严重，法官判他20年徒刑。give sb 6 years/10 months etc for After a long trial she was given a life sentence for the bombings. 经过长时间的审理，她因数次炸弹爆炸案被判终身监禁。sentence /ˈsentəns/ [transitive verb]if a judge sentences a criminal, he or she gives them an official punishment, usually sending them to prison for a period of time 判决；判处〔通常指有期徒刑〕sentence somebody for something Brown will be sentenced for a series of sexual assaults. 布朗因犯一系列性侵犯罪将被判刑。sentence somebody to 20 years/life imprisonment etc The judge sentenced Margolis to a year in prison. 法官判马戈利斯一年有期徒刑。sentence somebody to 20 years/life imprisonment etc for something Some countries will sentence you to seven or more years in prison for drug offences. 一些国家会判犯吸毒、藏毒等罪者七年或七年以上徒刑。sentence somebody to death 60 prisoners have been sentenced to death in political trials. 60名犯人因政治案件被判处死刑。teach somebody a lesson /ˌtiːtʃ somebody ə ˈlesən/ [verb phrase]to punish someone because you want to make sure that they will not behave badly again 教训某人 I hope a night in the cells has taught you a lesson. 我希望在牢房里关一晚上会给你一个教训。 He was treating me badly, so I left - I just wanted to teach him a lesson. 他待我不好，所以我走了一我只想给他一个教训。make somebody pay /ˌmeɪk somebody ˈpeɪ/ [verb phrase]informalto do something unpleasant to someone as a way of punishing them for something bad they have done to you or someone you know 【非正式】让某人付出代价 If I ever find out who did this, I'll make them pay! 如果我查出是谁干的，我会让他们付出代价！make sb pay for I wanted to make my father pay for his betrayal. 我要让父亲为他的背叛行为付出代价。 The prosecution asked jurors to make Mr. Sanderson pay for what he did. 控方请陪审团让桑德森先生为自己的行为付出代价。penalizealsopenaliseBritish /ˈpiːnəl-aɪzǁˈpiː-, ˈpe-/ [transitive verb]to officially punish someone, especially by taking away their right to do something or by limiting their freedom in some way 对…处罚〔尤指剥夺某权利或限制其自由〕 New laws will penalize firms that continue to pollute the environment. 新法律会处罚那些继续污染环境的公司。 It is unfair that the whole class should be penalized because of the bad behaviour of a few students. 整个班级因其中几个人的行为不端而受到处罚是不公平的。penalize somebody for (doing) something A referee may penalise players for wasting time. 裁判可能会处罚故意拖延时间的运动员。 The House of Representatives voted to penalize him for ethics violations. 众议院投票决定对他违反道德的行为作出处罚。discipline /ˈdɪsɪplən, ˈdɪsəplən/ [transitive verb usually in passive]to punish someone who has broken the rules of an organization that they belong to or work for 惩罚；处罚〔组织中的某人〕 Officers are expected to discipline soldiers who do not keep their uniforms in good condition. 军官们应该处罚那些不保持制服整洁的士兵。be disciplined Anyone who is regularly late for work is likely to be disciplined or dismissed. 经常迟到的人可能会遭处罚或被开除。 Even when Morton and Collins started fighting on the field, neither player was disciplined. 即使是莫伦和柯林斯在赛场上先打起架来，他们两人也无一遭到处罚。punitive /ˈpjuːnɪtɪv, ˈpjuːnətɪv/ [adjective usually before noun]intended as a punishment 惩罚性的punitive action/measure/sanctions etc Government forces immediately took punitive action against the rebels. 政府军立刻对叛军采取惩罚性行动。 The sanctions were a punitive measure used to try to force South Africa to reject apartheid. 这些制裁是一种惩罚性的手段，用来迫使南非放弃种族隔离制度。punitive damagesmoney that a person or company has to pay to someone they have harmed - used in legal contexts 惩罚性赔偿〔用于法律方面〕 The company was ordered to pay punitive damages in a sex discrimination case. 在一起性别歧视案中，该公司被命令支付惩罚性赔偿。disciplinary /ˈdɪsɪplɪnəri, ˈdɪsəplɪnəri, ˌdɪsˈplɪ-ǁˈdɪsplneri/ [adjective only before noun]disciplinary action/measures/charges etcactions etc that are intended to punish someone for breaking a rule or law or to force them to obey rules 惩戒性行动/惩戒性措施/纪律指控等 The committee members promised that appropriate disciplinary measures would be taken against the offenders. 委员们许诺将采取适当的惩戒性措施来对付违反者。 So far, not a single person has faced prosecution or disciplinary action over the case. 迄今为止，在此案中没有一人被起诉或受到惩罚。2 to punish someone severely 重罚某人come down on /ˌkʌm ˈdaʊn ɒn/ [transitive verb not in passive]to immediately punish someone for something they have just done, because you want to make it clear that their actions are completely unacceptable 〔当即〕惩罚come down on for Mrs Green really came down on him for swearing. 格林太太因他骂脏话而狠狠惩罚了他。come down heavily/hard on somebodypunish someone very severely 严厉惩罚某人 In the examinations we shall come down hard on any student who attempts to cheat. 考试期间，我们将严厉惩罚任何企图作弊的学生。 The authorities are threatening to come down more heavily on drink-driving offences. 当局威胁说要更重地处罚酒后开车的司机。throw the book at /ˌθrəʊ ðə ˈbʊk æt/ [verb phrase]informalif someone in authoritythrows the book at someone, they give them the severest punishment that can be given 【非正式】重判，重罚 Unless you plead guilty, the prosecutors will throw the book at you. 除非认罪，否则检察官会对你从严处罚。 Superior Court Judge Stephen Rosen threw the book at Davidson, sentencing him to six years in prison and ordering him to pay $1.6 million in restitution. 高等法院法官斯蒂芬·罗森对戴维森处以重刑，判决六年徒刑并支付160万美元赔偿金。3 to not punish someone 不惩罚某人let somebody off /ˌlet somebody ˈɒf/ [transitive phrasal verb]to not punish someone, or give them a less severe punishment than they deserve 放过某人 I'll let you off this time, but don't do it again. 这次我放过你，但不要再干了。let somebody off with a warning/a fine etconly give them a warning etc, although they deserve a worse punishment 对某人警告/罚款等了事 He was caught shoplifting, but the police let him off with a warning. 他在商店行窃被捉，但警方只警告他一下便放他走了。reprieve /rɪˈpriːv/ [countable noun]an official order stopping or delaying someone's punishment, especially when the punishment is death 〔尤指死刑〕撤销；缓刑 The group protested against a possible reprieve for an inmate on death row in Texas. 得州一名死囚可能改判缓刑，该组织对此表示抗议。grant/give somebody a reprieve He was granted a reprieve only a few hours before his execution. 他在被处决前几小时获得缓刑。amnesty /ˈæmnəsti/ [countable noun]an official order forgiving people who have done something illegal or freeing prisoners - used especially in political contexts 大赦〔尤用于政治语境中〕issue/declare/proclaim an amnesty The President issued a general amnesty to all the rebels, including their leader. 总统发布了对所有叛乱者，包括其首领的大赦令。 The government has been forced to declare an amnesty for anyone who has not paid their taxes, because there are now too many to collect. 政府被迫宣布大赦那些未缴税的人，因为逃税的人太多，无法把钱收齐。4 a punishment 处罚punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ [countable/uncountable noun]something that is done to someone in order to punish them 惩罚；处罚 In cases of sheep-stealing, the usual punishment was hanging. 偷羊一般被处以绞刑。punishment for Punishments for bad behavior can range from time-outs to withdrawing privileges, such as television 对于恶劣行为的惩罚可以从计时隔离直到取消特别待遇，如看电视等。capital punishmentthe system of punishing people by killing them 死刑 Some people are demanding the return of capital punishment for murder. 有些人要求对杀人犯恢复死刑。corporal punishmentpunishing people, especially children, by hitting them 体罚 Corporal punishment was banned in Sweden in 1979. 1979年瑞典禁止了体罚。fine /faɪn/ [countable noun]an amount of money that you are ordered to pay as a punishment 罚金；罚款get a finebe told to pay a fine 被罚款 I got a £100 fine for speeding. 我因超速驾驶被罚100英镑。fine for (doing) something A fine will be imposed for overstaying your visa. 签证到期继续居留会被罚款。 The penalty is a $250 fine for the first offense. 初犯罚款250美元。a heavy finea large fine 巨额罚款 There are heavy fines for drink-driving. 酒后驾车会被处以一大笔罚款。penalty /ˈpenlti/ [countable noun]an official punishment for someone who breaks a law, a rule, or a legal agreement 惩罚；处罚penalty for The penalty for treason was always death. 叛国罪的处罚必定是死刑。the death penaltya law that says you can be killed as a punishment 死刑 Drug smugglers face the death penalty if they are caught. 毒犯如果被捕会面临死刑。a heavy/severe/stiff penalty The contract includes stiff financial penalties for failure to complete the work on time. 合同写明，未按时完工将受到严厉的经济处罚。sentence /ˈsentəns/ [countable noun]a punishment given by a judge in a court 判决a prison sentence He got a 10-year prison sentence. 他被判十年徒刑。the death sentencewhen someone is punished by being killed 死刑 The victim's family are demanding the death sentence for his attacker. 受害者的家人要求判决袭击他的人死刑。a life sentencethe punishment of spending the rest of your life in prison 终身监禁 Berger is serving a life sentence for the murders. 伯杰因谋杀被判终身监禁，目前正在服刑。a heavy/light sentencea long or short time in prison 严厉/从轻的判决 Evans was given a light sentence in return for giving information to the police. 埃文斯因向警方举报被从轻判决。retribution /ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃən, ˌretrəˈbjuːʃən/ [uncountable noun]formalwhen someone is severely punished for what they have done 【正式】报复；惩罚 Employees need to be able to express their feelings without fear of retribution. 雇员应该能够表达自己的意见，不怕报复。retribution for Some officials felt that the bombings were retribution for the killing of the hijackers. 一些官员认为爆炸事件是对击毙劫持犯的报复。divine retributionretribution from God 上帝的惩罚 The earthquake was seen by some people as divine retribution. 地震在某些人看来是上帝的惩罚。5 to get a particular punishment 受到某种惩罚get/be given /get, biː ˈgɪvən/ [transitive verb/verb phrase]to be officially given a punishment 被判〔刑〕 He deserves to get at least 10 years in prison. 他至少应该判十年监禁。 You'll probably just get a fine. 你可能只会被罚款。 McLean was given a life sentence for his part in the bombing. 麦克莱恩因参与爆炸事件被判终身监禁。be condemned /biː kənˈdemd/ [verb phrase]formalto be given a particular punishment by a court, especially a severe punishment 【正式】被判刑〔尤指重刑〕be condemned to 20 years/life imprisonment etc Thomas McMahon was condemned to life imprisonment for killing Lord Mountbatten. 托马斯·麦克马洪因杀害蒙巴顿勋爵而被判终身监禁。be condemned for murder/robbery/theft etc He was taken away after being condemned for robbery and armed assault. 他犯有抢劫和武装袭击罪，判决后被带走了。be condemned to death Lewis was condemned to death after a trial lasting a year and a half. 经过一年半的审讯，刘易斯被判死刑。condemned man/woman/prisonersomeone who is condemned to death 死刑犯 The prison rules allow no communication with a condemned man. 狱规不允许任何人与死刑犯接触。6 to be punished 受到惩罚be punished /biː ˈpʌnɪʃt/ [verb phrase]tobe punished for something bad that you have done 受到惩罚 If you commit a crime you must expect to be punished. 如果你犯罪，一定会受到惩罚。be punished for Ellen was punished for being rude to her teacher. 埃伦因为对老师无礼受到惩罚。be severely punished Anyone who disobeyed his orders was severely punished. 不听他命令的人都受到重罚。pay for /ˈpeɪ fɔːʳ/ [transitive phrasal verb]to suffer for having done something wrong, especially for breaking the law 为…付出代价〔尤指为犯法〕 I've spent the last three years in jail. I tell you, I've paid for what I did. 过去的三年我是在监狱里度过的。我告诉你，我已为自己所做的付出了代价。pay dearly for somethingbe severely punished for something 对某事付出昂贵的代价 People who sell drugs to our children should pay dearly for it. 将毒品卖给孩子的人应当为此付出昂贵的代价。take the rap /ˌteɪk ðə ˈræp/ [verb phrase]informalto be punished or held responsible for something bad, especially for something you did not do 【非正式】背黑锅；当替罪羊 Until the cause of the accident was proven, the company made it clear that it was not willing to take the rap. 事故的原因查清之前，该公司明确表示不愿背黑锅。take the rap for (doing) something The defense argued that Green was set up to take the rap for the murder of Roy Robinson. 辩方辩称，有人让格林在罗伊·罗宾逊谋杀案中当替罪羊。 I prefer driving; I don't want to take the rap for getting lost. 我情愿开车；我可不想因迷路受责。face the music /ˌfeɪs ðə ˈmjuːzɪk/ [verb phrase]informalto be ready to accept punishment for something you have done 【非正式】准备接受惩罚 Rather than face the music at a trial, Abingdon chose to plea bargain. 阿宾顿情愿达成认罪辩诉协议，而不愿在审判时接受惩罚。7 to not be punished 不受惩罚get off /ˌget ˈɒf/ [intransitive phrasal verb]informalif a criminalgets off, they get little or no official punishment for their crime 【非正式】〔罪犯〕逃脱惩罚 If he gets off, it's because he has a smart lawyer. 如果他逃脱惩罚，只是因为他有一位聪明的律师。get off easy You got off easy; you should have been expelled. 你没吃亏；本来你是要被开除的。get off scot-freeescape punishment completely 避免受罚 Despite the evidence against him, Heston got off scot-free. 尽管证据对他不利，赫斯顿却没受到惩罚。get away with /ˌget əˈweɪ wɪð/ [transitive phrasal verb not in passive]to do something wrong and not be caught or not be punished for it 做错而不被抓住〔不受惩罚〕 He probably got away with about a dozen crimes before he was finally arrested for one. 他在最后被逮捕前可能已犯了一打罪行而没受到惩罚。get away with it He was the only child in the class who could be rude to the teacher and get away with it. 他是班里唯一一个能够顶撞老师而不受惩罚的学生。get away with murderinformalto be allowed to do anything you want and not be punished for it 【非正式】为所欲为 Ronnoe lets his kids get away with murder. 伦内允许自己的孩子为所欲为。beat the rap /ˌbiːt ðə ˈræp/ [verb phrase]American informalto avoid being punished after breaking the law, especially because you cannot be proved guilty 【美，非正式】逃脱罪责〔尤因无法被证明有罪〕 Frye was arrested on state and federal charges, but he managed to beat the rap. 弗赖伊因州和联邦指控被逮捕，但他还是逃脱了罪责。with impunity /wɪð ɪmˈpjuːnti/ [adverb]if someone is able to do something wrong or illegalwith impunity, they can do it without any risk of being punished 不受惩罚地 If you see others breaking the law with impunity, you may be tempted to do the same. 如果你看到别人违反法律却不受惩罚，你可能会受到诱惑去干同样的事。 The previous regime was corrupt, and government officials were able to flout the law with impunity. 前政府腐化成风，政府官员可以藐视法律却不受惩罚。go unpunished /ˌgəʊ ʌnˈpʌnɪʃt/ [verb phrase]if bad behaviour, crime etcgoes unpunished, the person who behaved badly or did something wrong is not punished for it 〔坏行为、罪行等〕不受惩罚；被放过 Guards involved in drug deals went unpunished. 涉及毒品交易的卫兵未受惩罚。 Hate crimes will not be tolerated and will not go unpunished. 仇视犯罪不会被容忍，必受惩罚。8 to not be punished severely enough 未受到足够严厉的惩罚get off with /ˌget ˈɒf wɪð/ [verb phrase]to only receive a small punishment, especially when you deserve a much more severe one 受到…的轻微处罚〔尤指应当受更严厉处罚时〕 If you're lucky you'll get off with a warning, if you're not you'll have to pay a fine. 如果你幸运的话，只会受到警告而已；如果你运气不好，就得罚款。 It's appalling that rapists can get off with such short prison sentences. 强奸犯被从轻发落，只判那么短的有期徒刑真是令人震惊。get off lightlyonly receive a small punishment 被从轻处罚 Phil kept complaining that the $500 fine was unfair, but I think he got off lightly. 菲尔不断抱怨500美元的罚款不公平，但我认为他被罚得很轻。a slap on the wrist /ə ˌslæp ɒn ðə ˈrɪst/ [noun phrase]informala much smaller punishment that you deserve 【非正式】过于轻微的处罚 The fine was so low, it was little more than a slap on the wrist. 罚款那么低，真是不痛不痒。 In the past, officers who mistreated prisoners often received a mere slap on the wrist. 过去，虐待囚犯的警察常常仅受到微不足道的处罚。9 when someone is likely to be punished 某人可能被惩罚be in trouble /biː ɪn ˈtrʌbəl/ [verb phrase]especially spokenif youare in trouble, you are likely to be punished because you have done something bad 【尤口】有麻烦 You'll be in trouble if they catch you cheating. 如果他们发现你在作弊，你就有麻烦了。be in trouble with My sister's in trouble with the police again. 我姐姐又与警察惹上麻烦了。get into trouble I'll get into trouble if my parents see me smoking. 要是父母看到我吸烟，我会有麻烦的。have it coming /ˌhæv ɪt ˈkʌmɪŋ/ [verb phrase]informaluse this to say that someone deserves to be punished or deserves something bad that happens to them 【非正式】活该 A lot of people think the murdered man had it coming. 许多人认为那个遇害男子是活该的。have it coming to He had it coming to him, the jerk. 他咎由自取，那个混蛋。