PLAN1 a plan to do something2 a plan to do something bad3 a plan of the times when things will happen4 someone who plans something5 to make plans6 to plan something that will happen a long time in the future7 to plan something bad8 ways of saying that something is being planned9 words for describing something that has been planned10 not planned11 to not try to plan things, but deal with them as they happenRELATED WORDSsee alsoPREPAREDESIGNORGANIZEARRANGEINTEND/NOT INTEND1 a plan to do something 做某事的计划plan /plæn/ [countable noun]something that you have decided to do, and the methods you will use to do it 计划，方案 Her plan is to finish her degree and then go and teach in Japan. 她的计划是读完学位课程，然后去日本教书。plan to do something The school has plans to build a computer centre. 该校计划建造电脑中心。plan for NASA has announced plans for a new space mission to Mars. 美国国家航空航天局宣布了几项新火星航天计划。business/career etc plan You can't get a loan to start a new company if you don't have a good business plan. 要是没有一份好的商业计划，就无法获得贷款开办新公司。make plans By January, many people are already making plans for their summer holidays. 到了1月份，许多人都已经在制定暑假计划了。go according to planwhen things happen exactly as you intended 按计划进行 Everything went according to plan, and we all crossed the river safely. 一切按计划进行，我们都安全过了河。a plan falls throughwhen you cannot do what you intended to do, because something unexpected happens 计划落空 There was an airline strike in India, and all our plans fell through at the last minute. 印度的航空公司罢工，我们的一切方案在最后关头落空了。plan A/plan Buse this when you are saying that you have two possible plans, in case the first one is not successful 方案A/方案 Plan A obviously wasn't going to work, so we had to resort to plan B. 方案A明显行不通，所以我们采取方案B。plan of action/game plan /ˌplæn əv ˈækʃən, ˈgeɪm plæn/ [noun phrase]informala detailed plan explaining exactly how to achieve something 【非正式】行动方案 Here's my game plan, Roger. I want to make the magazine a monthly, and cut it down to sixty or seventy pages. 罗杰，这是我的详细方案。我想把这份杂志定为月刊，并把篇幅删至60或70页。decide/devise/put forward etc a plan of action If the problem continues, discuss a plan of action with your colleagues. 如果问题继续存在，与同事一起讨论一份行动方案。strategy /ˈstrætɪdʒi, ˈstrætədʒi/ []a carefully designed plan for achieving something that is difficult and may take a long time 战略；策略strategy for doing something We need a new strategy for increasing our sales in Europe. 我们需要新的策略来提高在欧洲的销售额。 Murdoch bought several TV stations, as part of his strategy for building a media empire. 作为建立媒体帝国战略的一部分，默多克买下了几家电视台。strategy of The rebels’ strategy of guerrilla warfare has been remarkably successful. 叛乱者的游击战战略已经取得了显著成功。a/an campaign/economic/military etc strategy the President's long-term economic strategy 总统的长期经济战略programmeBritish/programAmerican /ˈprəʊgræm/ [countable noun]a series of activities, organized by a government or other large organization, that is designed to achieve something important and will continue for a long time 〔政府或其他大型机构长时间进行的〕重大计划，方案programme of The irrigation project is part of a programme of aid to West Africa. 灌溉工程是西非援助计划的一部分。training/research/space etc programme It's a major research program, aimed at developing cheaper fuels. 这是一项重大研究计划，旨在研制出更廉价的燃料。launch a programme The government has launched a programme to help unemployed young people find work. 政府已经开始实施一个帮助年轻的失业者找工作的计划。policy /ˈpɒlɪsi, ˈpɒləsiǁˈpɑː-/ [countable noun]a plan or set of principles agreed by the members of a government, a political group, a company etc, that says how they intend to deal with a particular subject or problem 〔政府、政治团体、公司等的〕政策；策略；原则 It is not our policy to reveal our clients’ names. 我们的原则是不泄露顾客的姓名。environmental/monetary/economic etc policy Most large companies these days operate an equal opportunities policy. 如今，多数大公司都施行一种机会均等的政策。 US foreign policy towards other countries美国对外政策policy on the government's policy on Europe 该政府对于欧洲的策略policy towards The Cuban revolution resulted in a reassessment of Washington's policy towards the Third World generally. 古巴革命导致华盛顿重新评估对第三世界的一般政策。policy of A new ruler might adopt a policy of drastically cutting back oil production in order to boost prices. 新的统治者也许会采取大量削减石油产量以提升价格的策略。scheme /skiːm/ [countable noun]Britishan official plan that is intended to help particular groups of people, for example people who are very poor, without jobs, or who need a better education 【英】〔用于帮助他人的〕计划；方案scheme to do something Several organizations run schemes to help women find work after their children have started school. 几个组织开展计划帮助那些孩子已经上学的妇女找到工作。a training/literacy/resettlement etc scheme The government's Youth Training Scheme soon ran into difficulties. 政府的青年培训计划很快就遇到了困难。 Adult literacy schemes have been run with great success in the inner cities. 成人扫盲计划在旧城区实施得极有成效。budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt, ˈbʌdʒət/ [countable noun]a plan that shows exactly what things you will spend a particular amount of money on 预算household/food/advertising etc budget Mum always worked out the household budget according to what we could afford. 妈妈一向根据我们的经济情况制定出家庭预算。 The company has had to cut £46,000 from its advertising budget. 该公司必须削减46,000英镑的广告预算。over/under budgethaving spent more or less than the amount planned 超过/低于预算 Several of our recent projects have been wildly over budget. 我们最近的几个项目都大大超过了预算。 The renovation work to St George's Hall was completed six months ahead of schedule and under budget. 圣乔治大堂的翻修工程提前六个月并低于预算完成。budget deficita situation in which more money has been spent than is available 预算赤字 Texas faces a budget deficit of over $4 billion. 得克萨斯面临四十多亿美元的预算赤字。balance the/your budgetmake sure that only the money available is spent 使预算平衡 The council has said that jobs will have to be cut in order to balance the budget. 委员会称必须削减职位以平衡预算。blueprint /ˈbluːˌprɪnt/ [countable noun]a completely new plan for important changes or ways of dealing with a problem 蓝图；方案；计划blueprint for Conservation groups have suggested a blueprint for a ‘Green World’. 环境保护团体已经就建立一个“绿色世界”提出了方案。 A panel of advisors is urging The White House to adopt a blueprint for dealing with such emergencies. 顾问小组敦促白宫采纳应对这种紧急事件的计划。2 a plan to do something bad 做坏事的计划plot /plɒtǁplɑːt/ [countable noun]a secret plan to do something bad, especially to the members of a government 阴谋，密谋〔尤指针对政府成员〕 The plot was quickly discovered, and five men were arrested. 这项阴谋很快就被人发现，五人遭逮捕。plot to do something a plot to assassinate the President 刺杀总统的阴谋plot against Janis was suspected of masterminding a plot against US airlines in East Asia. 贾尼斯被怀疑策划一宗针对在东亚的美国航空公司的阴谋。conspiracy /kənˈspɪrəsi/ [countable/uncountable noun]a secret and usually complicated plan made by two or more people to do something bad or illegal together 阴谋，密谋conspiracy to do something There was a conspiracy to defraud the company of millions of dollars. 有个阴谋要骗取该公司数百万美元。conspiracy against Reynolds was charged with conspiracy against the government. 雷诺兹被控密谋推翻政府。scheme /skiːm/ [countable noun]a plan to do something bad or illegal, especially one that you consider to be stupid or unlikely to be successful 阴谋，诡计，坏点子 He's always coming up with these dumb schemes for making money that just land us in trouble. 他总是想出这些愚蠢的、只会给我们带来麻烦的发财点子。intrigue /ˈɪntriːg/ [uncountable noun]secret planning and arrangements, agreed in order to gain advantages and power for yourself 阴谋，密谋〔指为得到好处或权力〕 The world of politics is a world of deception and intrigue. 政界是一个尔虞我诈、充满阴谋诡计的世界。3 a plan of the times when things will happen 事情将要发生的时间的计划timetableBritish/scheduleAmerican /ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl, ˈʃedjuːlǁˈskedʒʊl, -dʒəl/ [countable noun]a written list that shows the exact times when something will happen, for example when planes or buses leave, or when classes at school take place 时间表；时刻表；课程表 The timetable said there was another train at 6.15. 时刻表上写着6：15还有一班火车。 According to my schedule, we've got Math first and then Biology. 从我的课程表上看，先上数学再上生物。bus/train/school timetable Have you got the new bus timetable for this year? 你有今年的新公共汽车时刻表吗?timetable of I'd like a schedule of the flights from Boston to New York, please. 请给我一张波士顿至纽约的航班时刻表。schedule /ˈʃedjuːlǁˈskedʒʊl, -dʒəl/ [countable noun]a detailed plan of what someone is going to do and when they will do it, especially someone important 〔尤指要人的〕日程安排 The President's schedule includes a two-day visit to St Petersburg. 总统的日程包括访问圣彼得堡两天。busy/tight schedulewhen you plan to do a lot of things in a short time 繁忙/紧凑的日程 She has a pretty tight schedule, but she may be able to meet you for lunch. 她的日程安排非常紧，但她也许能在午餐时见你。light scheduleone that is not very busy 轻松的日程 I make sure that I have a fairly light schedule in the summer when the kids are on vacation. 我确保夏天孩子们去度假以后，我的日程安排会相当宽松。on scheduleat or according to the time planned 按时 Tom arrived on schedule at twenty to eight. 汤姆7点40分按时到达。ahead of/behind schedulebefore/later than the time planned 提早/误期 For once, I managed to finish the book I was writing ahead of schedule. 有一次我提前写完了书。 Due to the bad weather, the building work was already behind schedule. 由于天气恶劣，建筑工程已经误期了。programmeBritish/programAmerican /ˈprəʊgræm/ [countable noun]a plan that shows the order of activities at a ceremony, sports meeting, public event etc 〔仪式、运动会或公众活动等的〕程序表 The next race on today's program is the women's 1000 meters. 根据今天的赛程安排，下一个项目是女子1,000米赛跑。 Who is organizing the conference programme? 谁在安排会议程序？4 someone who plans something 计划某事的人planner /ˈplænəʳ/ [countable noun]someone who works for a government or a company, and who plans how future situations and problems should be dealt with according to what they think is likely to happen 〔政府或公司的〕计划者；策划者 The proposal will be carefully examined by a committee of executives, planners and consultants. 这项提议将由一个管理人员、策划人员和顾问组成的委员会仔细审核。financial/military/environmental etc planners Economic planners fear that there will be a 5% fall in real incomes next year. 经济计划的制定者担心明年的实际收入会下降5%。 a financial planner 财务策划师 Military planners and diplomats worry that the North's increasing distress over food supplies could provoke it to invade the South. 军方策划人员和外交官担心北方日益严峻的粮食供应困难会使其入侵南方。architect /ˈɑːʳkɪtekt, ˈɑːʳkətekt/ [countable noun]the person who originally thought of an important and successful plan, especially in politics or business 设计师；缔造者；创造者〔尤指在政治或商业中〕the architect of something Beveridge is usually thought of as the architect of the British National Health Service. 贝弗里奇通常被认为是英国国民保健制度的创始人。 the chief architect of the election victory 竞选胜利的主要设计师mastermind /ˈmɑːstəʳmaɪndǁˈmæs-/ [countable noun]a person who cleverly plans a complicated operation, especially in order to carry out a crime 策划者〔尤指为犯罪〕 The court heard that it was Mrs Thompson who was the mastermind, not her husband. 法庭听取的证词说，策划者是汤普森太太，而不是她丈夫。the mastermind behind/of something Andres is the mastermind behind a huge drug-smuggling operation. 安德烈斯是一个庞大的毒品走私集团的主脑。a criminal mastermind The film stars Morgan Freeman as a criminal mastermind. 这部影片由摩根·弗里曼主演一名犯罪主脑。5 to make plans 制定计划plan /plæn/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to think carefully about something you are going to do, and decide how you will do it 计划，打算 Sue spent months planning her trip. 休花了几个月计划行程。 The burglary had obviously been very carefully planned. 这宗盗窃案明显是经过极其周密安排的。plan how/what/where etc Have you planned how you're going to spend your prize money? 你想过如何去花你的奖金吗？plan for I think we should plan for about 50 guests. 我觉得应当预算有大约50位客人来。 We're planning for rain because the forecast isn't good. 我们在为下雨作准备，因为天气预报说天气不好。have something plannedhave planned something carefully already 已作计划，已作打算 Don't worry, I have the whole evening planned. 别担心，整个晚上我都安排好了。planning [uncountable noun]the activity of deciding how you will do something that you intend to do 策划，计划 After weeks of planning, the big day finally arrived. 准备了几个礼拜，大喜的日子终于到来了。financial/town/military etc planning Increasing traffic congestion is a major influence on town planning. 不断恶化的交通拥堵是影响市镇规划的主要因素。make plans /ˌmeɪk ˈplænz/ [verb phrase]to think about and talk about something that you intend to do, especially something that needs to be carefully planned 制定…计划；为…作打算 We sat around the table, talking, laughing, and making plans. 我们围坐在桌旁，边谈、边笑、边制定计划。make plans for I've already started to make plans for the wedding - there's so much to do. 我已开始制定婚礼计划—有那么多事情要做。make arrangements /ˌmeɪk əˈreɪndʒmənts/ [verb phrase]to organize the details of an event or trip, such as the times in which things will happen 安排，筹划 I'd booked the flight and made all the arrangements well in advance. 我已订好航班，早就把一切安排妥当。make arrangements for John's brother kindly made the arrangements for the funeral. 约翰的兄弟真好，为那葬礼作好了安排。make arrangements to do something Vivian and her boyfriend are making arrangements to join us in Australia. 薇薇安和男友在作准备，在澳大利亚与我们会合。make arrangements with Please telephone and make arrangements with my secretary. 请来电和我的秘书商定安排事宜。work outespecially Britishalsofigure outAmerican /ˌwɜːʳk ˈaʊt, ˌfɪgər ˈaʊtǁˌfɪgjər-/ [transitive phrasal verb]to think carefully about how you are going to do something, especially something complicated or difficult, and plan a good way of doing it 想出，制定出〔尤指做复杂或困难的事的方法〕 Management consultant Peter Brant worked out the schedule in October 1983. 1983年10月，业务顾问彼得·布兰特制定出了这份时间表。 UN negotiators have figured out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides. 联合国谈判代表已制定出一个方案，他们希望双方都能接受。work/figure out a way of doing something The first thing you'll have to do is figure out a way of earning the money. 你要做的第一件事就是想办法赚钱。work out what/where/how etc I'll certainly go back to my job once I've worked out who's going to look after the kids during the day. 我一安排好白天照顾小孩子的人，肯定会回去工作。have it all worked/figured outhave completely planned how you are going to do something 作了周详的计划 The killer, whoever he was, had it all worked out. 不管凶手是谁，他都是事先精心准备过的。map out /ˌmæp ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]to plan all the details of how something is going to develop in the future, especially over a long period of time 详细安排；详细策划〔尤指长期的发展〕 Representatives from several European countries met to map out details of the proposed aid program. 来自欧洲几国的代表聚在一起商量援助计划的细节。have your future/career/education etc mapped out Jodie has her career all mapped out. 乔迪已经为她的事业发展规划好了。 By the time he was 15, his parents already had his future mapped out. 他15岁时，父母已经替他安排好了未来。budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt, ˈbʌdʒət/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to plan how you will spend your money during a certain period of time or for a particular activity 〔为…〕制定预算 Mark's capable of earning a lot, but he's no idea how to budget or save. 马克有能力赚大钱，但他不知道如何预算、如何省钱。 Our annual expenditure on training has been carefully budgeted. 我们每年的培训支出都是经过仔细预算的。budget for At university, young people have to budget for their living expenses, and organise their time. 读大学时，年轻人得为生活费制定预算并合理安排时间。budgeting [uncountable noun] The job will involve budgeting and decision-making, as well as managing the project. 这个职位除了管理项目外，还要作预算、制定决策。formulate /ˈfɔːʳmjɑleɪt/ [transitive verb]if members of a government, company, or other organizationformulate a plan or proposal, they decide the details of what is going to be done 〔政府、公司或其他组织的成员〕规划；制定〔计划或提议〕 Changes to the education system should be formulated by teachers not politicians. 教育制度的改革计划应由教师而不是政客来制定。formulate a plan/policy/proposal etc The government has set up a working party to formulate proposals for reducing environmental pollution. 政府已成立一个工作小组，制定减少环境污染的计划。formulation /ˌfɔːʳmjɑˈleɪʃən/ [uncountable noun]the formulation of something A small group of advisers helps the President with the formulation of foreign policy. 一个顾问小组帮助总统制定外交政策。mastermind /ˈmɑːstəʳmaɪndǁˈmæs-/ [transitive verb]to be the person who is in charge of planning a complicated or difficult operation, especially a crime 精心策划〔尤指罪案〕 The raid, one of the most daring crimes of the century, was masterminded by Italian playboy, Giovanni Cattani. 这宗劫案是本世纪最大胆的犯罪案件之一，是由意大利花花公子乔瓦尼·卡塔尼精心策划的。 Well-known as a tough industrialist, he masterminded 50 company takeovers in one year. 以手段强硬的工业家而闻名的他，一年里就策划收购了50家公司。6 to plan something that will happen a long time in the future 为在遥远的将来发生的事作打算plan ahead /ˌplæn əˈhed/ [intransitive phrasal verb] Once you have children, it's wise to plan ahead. 一旦有了孩子，为将来计划是明智的。 Fluctuations in oil prices on the world market make it impossible for developing countries to plan ahead. 国际市场油价波动使得发展中国家无法作长远的打算。plan ahead for It's never too soon to start planning ahead for your retirement. 为退休作计划越早越好。look ahead /ˌlʊk əˈhed/ [intransitive phrasal verb]to think about what may happen in the future so that you are aware of it when you make plans 向前看，规划未来 By looking ahead, management are then in a good position to anticipate potential problems. 向前看，那么管理层就处于一个有利位置，可以防患未然。look ahead to All footballers have to look ahead to the time when they leave the game. 所有的足球运动员都要提前考虑自己退役的那一刻。forward planningBritish/future planningAmerican /ˌfɔːʳwəʳd ˈplænɪŋ, ˌfjuːtʃəʳ ˈplænɪŋ/ [uncountable noun]the activity of thinking carefully about what will happen in the future, and including this in your present plans, especially in order to make possible problems easier to deal with when the time comes 计划，预先安排〔尤为到时使问题更易于应付〕 With a little more forward planning, we could have avoided these problems. 预先稍作安排的话，我们本可以避免这些问题。 Expert advice is available for investors who wish to engage in future planning. 投资者如希望为未来制定计划可以征求专家的意见。7 to plan something bad 策划坏事plot /plɒtǁplɑːt/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to make secret plans to do something wrong or illegal 密谋，图谋 The court heard how Mrs Taylor and her lover had plotted the murder of her husband. 法庭听取了泰勒太太如何与情人密谋杀害丈夫的证词。plot to do something Three men were charged with plotting to plant the biggest bomb ever in Central London. 三名男子被控密谋在伦敦中心区放置一颗有史以来最大的炸弹。plot against Plotting against the government was punishable by death. 密谋推翻政府以死刑论处。scheme /skiːm/ [intransitive verb]to secretly make clever and dishonest plans to get or achieve something 密谋；搞阴谋scheme to do something Behind the scenes, a small group was scheming to remove the Chairman from office. 一小撮人在幕后密谋把主席赶下台。 Against all the rules of the competition, Nick was scheming to win. 尼克完全不顾竞赛规则，处心积虑要获胜。scheme against As the King got older, he became convinced that his family were scheming against him. 随着国王一天天地变老，他越来越相信其家人在阴谋对付他。conspire /kənˈspaɪəʳ/ [intransitive verb]if two or more peopleconspire to do something illegal or harmful, they plan secretly to do it 共同阴谋conspire to do something Ten men were convicted of conspiring to bomb the UN and the FBI buildings in New York. 十名男子密谋炸毁纽约的联合国总部大楼和联邦调查局大楼，被判有罪。 Kevin Maxwell faced two charges of conspiring to defraud pensioners. 凯文·马克斯韦尔面临两项密谋诈骗领养老金者钱财的指控。conspire against The President called a meeting and accused his aides of conspiring against him. 总统召集会议，指责他的助手密谋反对他。conspire with There was no doubt that they were conspiring with other African guerrilla movements. 毫无疑问，他们在和其他非洲游击组织串通。conspirator /kənˈspɪrətəʳ/ [countable noun] The conspirators people who are conspiring谋反者聚在一个废弃的仓库里讨论他们的方案。 met in a disused warehouse to discuss their plans.8 ways of saying that something is being planned 某事正处于计划中的说法be in the pipeline /biː ɪn ðə ˈpaɪplaɪn/ [verb phrase]if something such as a new product or a changeis in the pipeline, it is being planned and prepared and it will be ready soon 在筹备中，即将准备就绪 After considerable market research, several new products are now in the pipeline. 经过大量市场研究之后，几种新产品即将推出。 There are one or two important changes in the pipeline. 一两项重大变革正在酝酿之中。be in the planning stagesalsobe at the planning stageBritish /biː ɪn ðə ˈplænɪŋ ˌsteɪdʒz, biː ət ðə ˈplænɪŋ ˌsteɪdʒ/ [verb phrase]if something such as a productis in the planning stages, it is being planned, but the final details have not yet been decided 〔产品等〕处于计划阶段 A new museum is currently at the planning stage at Bowness. 鲍内斯的一家新博物馆目前处于筹备阶段。 The programme is only in the planning stages, and is not likely to be broadcast until next year. 这个节目仅处于筹划阶段，明年才可能播出。afoot /əˈfʊt/ [adjective not before noun]if something new, interesting, strange, or dishonestis afoot, someone is planning it, especially secretly 在酝酿中的，在策划中的〔尤秘密地〕 From information received, it was thought that some illegal activity was afoot. 根据收到的情报，相信有人在策划违法活动。 A quick look round the research and development facility in Versailles revealed a number of interesting software projects afoot. 看一眼凡尔赛的研发机构就会发现，一些有趣的软件项目正在酝酿中。plans/changes/moves etc are afoot Plans are now afoot for an important exhibition of Canaletto in England. 卡纳莱托的一次重要画展正在英格兰筹划中。 Apparently, moves are afoot to ban smoking in public places. 看来，公共场所禁烟的行动正在酝酿中。9 words for describing something that has been plannedplanned /plænd/ [adjective] Some people prefer a vacation with a lot of planned activities. 一些人喜欢假期里安排很多活动。 The number of planned job cuts by major US businesses declined in October from a year ago. 与一年前比较，美国大公司的计划裁员数目在10月份有所下降。scheduled /ˈʃedjuːldǁˈskedʒʊld, -dʒəld/ [adjective]planned to happen at a particular time 安排好的；预定好的 Heavy snow closed airports and forced the cancellation of scheduled budget talks at the White House. 暴雪使机场关闭，也迫使原定在白宫举行的预算会谈取消。scheduled to do something A UN mission was scheduled to leave on February 29. 联合国代表团预定在2月29日离开。scheduled for The play was originally scheduled for October, but it had to be cancelled. 这出戏原先安排在10月演出，但后来不得不取消了。strategic /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/ [adjective only before noun]done as part of a plan, especially in a military, business, or political situation, in order to gain an advantage against your opponents 〔尤指军事、商业或政治形势中〕战略的；策略的 The British army made a strategic withdrawal across the English Channel. 英国军队进行了一次横渡英吉利海峡的战略性撤退。 The two countries agreed to join together in a strategic alliance. 两国同意结成战略同盟。strategically [adverb] Ammunition storage depots are strategically located throughout the country. 弹药库在全国范围内作了战略性部署。well/carefully thought out /ˌwel, ˌkeəʳfəli θɔːt ˈaʊt/ [adjective phrase]something that iswell thought out has been carefully planned so that it will work well and achieve its desired results 深思熟虑的；精心设计的 If you're planning to take a year out between school and university, it needs to be carefully thought out. 如果你计划中学毕业后一年才上大学，那得好好考虑一下。 The average worker's long-term financial security will depend upon having a well-thought-out personal finance plan. 普通工人的长期经济安全靠的是深思熟虑的个人金融计划。10 not planned 未计划的unplanned /ˌʌnˈplænd◂/ [adjective] As a surprise, we decided to make an unplanned visit to my mother's. 我们临时决定去妈妈家，给她一个惊喜。 Very few burglaries are completely unplanned. 极少入室盗窃案完全没有预谋。 Unplanned pregnancies in the US each year are estimated at 3 million. 在美国，意外怀孕每年估计有300万例。spontaneous /spɒnˈteɪniəsǁspɑːn-/ [adjective]something that isspontaneous is done because you suddenly feel you want to do it, not because you have arranged to do it or been asked to do it 自发的；油然而生的；自然的 The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer when the news was announced. 消息宣布时，人群立时发出一阵欢呼。 The invitation was completely spontaneous. 邀请完全是自发的。 an act of spontaneous generosity 自发的慷慨行为spontaneously [adverb] It's great when the children spontaneously show affection or appreciation. 孩子自然流露出爱或感激之情真是太好了。spontaneity /ˌspɒntəˈniːɪti, ˌspɒntəˈniːəti, -ˈneɪtiǁˌspɑːn-/ [uncountable noun] the beauty and spontaneity of African worship 非洲人崇拜仪式的美与自然impromptu /ɪmˈprɒmptjuːǁɪmˈprɑːmptuː/ [adjective usually before noun]done or happening without any planning or preparation 即兴的；无准备的 We finished the day with an impromptu game of football in a nearby field. 这一天的最后，我们在附近的场地上举行了一场即兴的足球比赛。 Jem's impromptu speech met with thunderous applause. 杰姆的即兴演讲赢得了雷鸣般的掌声。not well thought out /nɒt ˌwel θɔːt ˈaʊt/ [adjective phrase]something that isnot well thought out has not been planned carefully enough and therefore is unlikely to work well 未经深思熟虑的；草率的 Reagan's plan was a bold one, but it was not well thought out. 里根的计划很大胆，但没有经过仔细考虑。 If your business proposal is not very well thought out, you will find it difficult to get financial backing. 如果你的商业计划未经缜密考虑，很难获得经济支持。ad hoc /æd ˈhɒkǁ-ˈhɑːk, -ˈhəʊk/ [adjective phrase only before noun]not planned or organized in advance 临时的 You never know when you might have to have an ad hoc meeting with a client. 你永远也不会知道什么时候要与客户开一个临时会议。 Historical records have often been kept in an ad hoc way, so that our information is not complete. 历史纪录常常是以因时制宜的方法保存的，因此我们的资料不完整。on an ad hoc basiswhen you need to do it, not in a planned way 权宜 Most companies have some people working for them on an ad hoc basis. 大多数公司都聘用临时工。11 to not try to plan things, but deal with them as they happen 不作计划，事情发生才处理take something as it comes /ˌteɪk something əz ɪt ˈkʌmz/ [verb phrase]to not worry about or plan for something that has not happened yet, but decide what to do when it happens 到时决定；到时候再说 I always think the best way of approaching an interview is to take it as it comes. 我一向认为，应付面试的最好方法是临场发挥。take things as they come The only way to manage when you have small kids is to take things as they come. 有了孩子以后，只能遇到事情随机应变了。take life as it comes/take each day as it comes If I were you, I'd just enjoy each day and take life as it comes. 换了我是你的话，我会享受每一天，随遇而安。play it by ear /ˌpleɪ ɪt baɪ ˈɪəʳ/ [verb phrase]spokento not make plans about how to deal with a particular situation, but decide to wait until it actually happens and hope that you will know what to do then 【口】随机应变；根据情势需要而采取行动 ‘Shall we tell Dad what's happened?’ ‘Let's play it by ear and see what sort of mood he's in.’ “我们要把事情告诉爸爸吗？”“到时看看他的心情再说吧。” We've booked the flight, but not the accommodation -- we'll play it by ear when we get there. 我们已订好了机票，但未预订住处—我们到那里后再灵活安排。live from day to day /ˌlɪv frəm ˌdeɪ tə ˈdeɪ/ [verb phrase]to not plan very far in the future because you have too many problems now to be able to think about what may happen later 过一天算一天 Since Jim got ill, we've just had to live from day to day. 自从吉姆生病后，我们只能过一天算一天。 There's nothing as depressing as living from day to day, as the unemployed are forced to do. 没有什么比失业的人那样，被迫过一天算一天的更令人沮丧的了。one day at a time /wʌn ˌdeɪ ət ə ˈtaɪm/ [adverb]if you deal with a problem or difficult situationone day at a time, you try to think about just what is happening in the present and do not try to plan what you will do in the future 一步一步地〔处理当前问题或困境〕 I've no idea where we'll live. Anyway, one day at a time. 我不知道我们会住在哪里。不过，走一步算一步吧。take/live one day at a time In order to overcome their addiction, they have to learn to take one day at a time. 为了戒毒，他们得学会一步一步来做。